Swarf , also known as chip or with other process-specific names (such as turnings , archiving , or shavings ), are pieces of metal, wood, or plastic which are debris or waste resulting from machining, woodworking, or similar substractive manufacturing processes (material expulsion). Swarf or chips can be small particles (such as grains of sand from metal grinding or sawdust from sawmill or wood sanding); long and fibrous tendrils (such as a rubbery coil of heavy metal turns, or long shavings of leveling); waste such as slag (as produced inside pipes during pipefitting installation work); or broken pieces of stone and dust (as in stones).
Some of these terms are mass nouns (like swarf and sawdust ) and some of them include nouns (such as chips , filings , or shavings ).
The rest of this article deals with self-service metalworking. Swarf wood is discussed in sawdust .
Video Swarf
Memotong bahaya dan tindakan pencegahan keamanan
Cuts, serpihan, tusukan, chip udara
Chips can be very sharp, and this creates a security problem, as it can cause serious injury if not handled properly. Depending on the composition of the material, it can survive in the environment for a long time before degrading. This, combined with the small size of some chips (eg brass or bronze), allows them to spread widely with piggy-backing on soft material and also to penetrate deep flake skin.
This is standard training for engineers, and usually workplace rules are standing, to avoid handling swarf with bare hands. Similarly, it is also standard training for engineers, and usually workplace rules are standing, to minimize or completely avoid handling swarf by blowing chips with compressed air, but this practice is considered burdensome or impractical by some machinists - the rule of thumb is to reduce the potential danger by trying to eliminate the problem as far as it can be done in this way can be done by maintaining a clean working environment. Some machine tool guides prohibit this practice for both security and for the preservation of the way wipers and seal bearings. Alternatives to remove chips include vacuuming vacuum industry (store vacuum); gently wash it with a cooling hose used at typical garden-hose pressure; or prevent their generation in the first place (for example, forming a thread instead of cutting it).
Not infrequently there are chips that fly from the cutter to be removed with great force and fly a few meters. These flying chips present danger deflected with safety goggles, face shields, and other personal protective equipment, as well as metal-sheet enclosures (and polycarbonate windows) that surround computer numerical control computer (CNC) machine tools.
Flammability
Due to its high surface area, clumps made up of several reactive metals can be highly flammable. Care should be taken to avoid sources of ignition when handling or storing swarves in loose form, especially swars of pure magnesium, magnesium alloys, pure titanium, titanium alloys, iron, and non-stainless steels.
Swarves stored in piles or bins can also spontaneously catch fire, especially if the swarf is coated with oil cut.
To extinguish the fire, special fire extinguishers are required, designed to counter the Class D (metal) fire.
Toxicity
Some general engineering materials such as beryllium are hazardous when finely divided and appropriate action should be taken to prevent exposure.
Maps Swarf
Chip splitting
Optimal cutting efficiency often results in long swars like spring. It's hard to handle because it's big and can clog shop nozzles. The cleaning and disposal of these continuous-cutting swarfs is made simpler by using cutting tools with chip-breakers. This results in more denser and more manageable waste. The chip-solver geometry is generally designed to break the chip by making it curve back to itself. This produces many small spiral rings rather than a long helix chip.
Machine cleanup and chip handling
Throwing away a swarf is a tedious but necessary task. For ease of transportation and handling, swarf can be compressed into bricks , which greatly reduces issues related to storage and costs; it also improves material handling for all who are concerned with reclamation and recycling.
Recycle
Metal swarfs are usually recyclable, and this is the preferred method of disposal due to environmental concerns about potential contamination with cutting fluids or vagrant oil. The ideal way to remove this liquid is to use a centrifuge that will separate the liquid from the metal, allowing both to be reclaimed and prepared for further treatment. Small bundles of stainless steel or bronze swamps are sold as excellent scrubbers for dishwashing or cleaning dirt. Recycled chips rather than placing them in the waste stream (leading to landfilling or incineration) have many advantages:
- Environment
- As mentioned above, remove liquids from the waste stream
- Reduce the amount of ore mining and metal purification to be done to meet the annual global demand for metal supplies. For example, it takes at least 4 times the energy per unit of production to produce aluminum billets from mined ore - plus the environmental impacts of the mine itself - as it does to produce them from recycled metal scraps (such as chips and drip bars).
- Finance
- There is almost always money to be generated from the flow of recycled chips, either by used processors, machine workshops, or often both. The residual value (melt value) of the metal is a net gain outside the cost of handling and transporting the chip.
Requirements
Machine shops are usually required by scrap collectors to:
- a separate metal type (eg, an aluminum chip in a barrel separate from a steel chip)
- is usually not required to separate certain alloys (for example, to keep 2024 aluminum separate from 6061)
- separates the solid pieces (such as the lower end of the rootstock and the discarded part) from the chips (which are finer and processed on different material handling equipment).
- drain and/or centrifug all the fluid cuts and oil out of the chips. (within reason)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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