Tansy ( Tanacetum vulgare ) is a perennial flowering, flowering herb from a family of daisies, native to temperate Europe and Asia. It has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, and in some areas has become invasive. This is also known as general tansy , bitter button , bitter cow , or golden key .
Video Tansy
Description
Tansy is a flowering herbaceous plant with compound leaves split smooth and yellow, flowers like buttons. It has a stout stem, slightly reddish, erect, usually smooth, 50-150 cm (20-59Ã, Â °) tall, and branched near the top. The leaves alternate, 10-15 cm in length (3.9-5.9 inches) and twisted pinnately, divided almost to the center into about seven pairs of segments, or lobes, which are again divided into smaller lobes with jagged edges, giving the leaves a somewhat fernlike look. Flat and flat yellow headlings, like buttons, are produced in the terminal cluster from mid to late summer. The aroma is similar to mothballs with a hint of rosemary. Leaves and flowers are toxic if consumed in large quantities; Essential oils contain toxic compounds including thujone, which can cause seizures and damage to the liver and brain. Some insects, especially the tansy beetle Chrysolina graminis , have resistance to toxins and live almost exclusively on plants.
Maps Tansy
History and distribution
Tansy is from Eurasia; it is found in almost all parts of mainland Europe, as well as England and Ireland. It does not exist in Siberia and some Mediterranean islands. The ancient Greeks might be the first to cultivate it as a medicinal herb. In the sixteenth century it was considered "necessary for gardens" in England.
History of usage
Tansy has a long history of usage. It was first recorded as cultivated by the ancient Greeks for medicinal purposes. In the 8th century AD it was planted in the garden of the spices of Charlemagne and by the Benedictine monks of the Swiss monastery of Saint Gall. Tansy is used to treat intestinal worms, rheumatism, digestive problems, fever, wounds, and to exclude measles.
During the Middle Ages and later, high doses were used to induce abortion. Contradictions, tansy is also used to help pregnant women and prevent miscarriage. In the fifteenth century, Christians began to serve tansies with Lent food in memory of a bitter concoction eaten by the Israelites. Tansy is considered to have the added benefit of controlling flatulence brought about by days of eating fish and beans and preventing intestinal worms believed to be caused by eating fish during Lent.
Tansy is used as a facial wash and is reported to brighten and purify the skin. In the 19th century, Irish folk tales suggested that bathing in a tansy and salt solution would cure joint pain. Although most drug use has been discredited, tansy is still a component of several drugs and is listed by the United States Pharmacopeia as a treatment for fever, fever, and jaundice.
Insect repellent
Tansy has also been cultivated and used for insect repellents and worms that counteract the type of embalming. It's packed into a coffin, wrapped in funeral roll sheets, and tansy bouquets are sometimes placed on the dead. Henry Dunster, the first president of Harvard University, was buried wearing a tansy flowercase in a tansy coffin; when "Acre God" was moved in 1846, tansy retained its form and fragrance, helping identify the remnants of the president. In the 19th century, tansies were used so much in New England cemeteries that people began to underestimate them because of their morbid relationship with death.
During the American colonial period, meat is often rubbed with or packed in tansy leaves to repel insects and delay decay. Tansy is often worn at that time in shoes to prevent malaria and other fevers; it has been shown, however, that some species of mosquitoes, including Culex pipiens , take the nectar from tansy flowers.
Tansy can be used as a companion planting and biological pest control. It is grown beside potatoes to repel Colorado potato beetles, with one study finding tansy reducing beetle population by 60 to 100%.
In England tansies are placed on window sills to repel flies; the stalk is placed in the bed sheet to repel pests, and has been used as an ant repellent.
In the 1940s, tansy distilled oil mixed with fleabane, pennyroyal and aqueous alcohol was a famous mosquito repellent; collectors are paid five cents per pound for full flower bloom. Research has found that tansy extract does repel mosquitoes, but not as effective as products containing DEET. In 2008, researchers in Sweden investigated the use of tansies to repel ticks, showing 64-72% repellency for each oil constituent.
Toxicity
Many species of tansy contain essential oils that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. If consumed internally, toxic metabolites are produced when oil is broken down in the liver and digestive tract. It is very toxic to internal parasites, and over the centuries tansy tea has been prescribed by shamans to ward off worms. Tansy is an effective and highly toxic insecticide for arthropods. Because it contains thujone, the US FDA limits the use of tansy for alcoholic beverages, and the final product must be free of thujone. Tanacetum annuum is often confused with ordinary tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) but the first produces completely chemical different oils because it does not contain thujone and a high amount of chamazulene makes colored oil dark blue, giving rise to the common name Blue Tansy Oil. Despite claims by some unethical essential oil sellers who forge very expensive Blue Tansy ( Tanacetum annuum) oil with cheaper oil than Tanacetum vulgare , it should be noted that oil from Tanacetum vulgare is never blue because it does not contain chamazulene. For this reason high thujone oil from Tanacetum vulgare should not be called "Blue Tansy" oil and any blue oil containing significant thujone is contaminated.
The active components of essential oils include 1.8-cineole, trans -thujone, camphor and myrtenol, with the number and proportion of each varying seasonally and from plant to plant.
1,8-Cineole is a toxin that is believed to retain plant leaves against attacks by herbivores.
Culinary used
Tansy had previously been used as a flavor for puddings and omelets, but is now virtually unknown. The herbalist John Gerard (c.1545-1612) notes that tansy is known as "tasty in taste", and he recommends candied tansy as "the main thing against gout, if every day for a certain space, a reasonable quantity thereof." eaten fasting. "In Yorkshire, tansy seeds and cumin are traditionally used in biscuits served at funerals.
During Restoration, "tansy" is a sweet omelette flavored with tansy juice. In the BBC documentary "The Supersizers go... Restoration", Allegra McEvedy describes the taste as "fruit, sharpness and then there is a kind of cold little blast like a candy." However, the presenter of the Sue Perkins program is experiencing tansy toxicity.
According to the liquor historian A. J. Baime, in the 19th century, Tennessee whiskey, Jack Daniel enjoyed drinking his own whiskey with sugar and crushed tansy leaves.
Ethnomedical Usage
For years, tansy has been used as a medicinal herb despite its toxicity. The 19th century Irish folk tales suggested bathing in a tansy and salt solution as a remedy for joint pain. Bitter teas made with tansy flowers have been used for centuries as anthelmintics to treat parasitic worm infestations, and tansy cakes have traditionally been eaten during Lent because it is believed that eating fish during Lent causes intestinal worms. Various species of Tanacetum are used ethnomed to treat migraine, neuralgia and rheumatism and as anthelmintics. Traditionally, tansy is often used for emmenagogue effects to bring menstruation or terminate an unwanted pregnancy, and pregnant women are advised not to use this herb. Research published in 2011 identified 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) and axillarin in tansy as an active antiviral compound against herpes simplex virus.
Among the Native Americans
The Cherokee uses a plant infusion for back pain, uses the plant as a tonic, and wears it on the waist and shoes to prevent miscarriage. Cheyenne uses a smoothed infusion of leaves and blooms for dizziness and weakness.
Other uses
Some traditional dyers use tansy to produce golden yellow colors. Yellow flowers are dried for use in flower arrangements.
Tansy is also used as a companion plant, especially with cucurbits such as cucumber and pumpkin, or with roses or berries. Expected to repel ants, cucumber beetles, Japanese beetles, pumpkin insects, and several types of flying insects, among others.
Dried tansy is used by some beekeepers as a fuel in bee smokers.
See also
- Common ragwort ( Senecio jacobaea ) which in some areas is called "tansy ragwort"
- Silverweed ( Potentilla anserina ) Flowering plant once known as "wild tansy"
- List of companion plants
- tansy beetle
Note
References
- Blanchan, Neltje (1917). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing . Ã,
- Crockett, James (1977). Herbs . Alexandria, Virginia: The Time-Life Book.
- Grieve, Margaret (1931). Modern Herb .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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