The treatment of human head lice infestation is a process to remove parasitic lice from human hair and has been debated and studied for centuries. However, the number of cases of human lice infestation (or pediculosis) has increased worldwide since the mid-1960s, reaching hundreds of millions each year. There is no product or method that guarantees 100% destruction of eggs and eggs that hatch after one treatment. However, there are a number of treatment modalities that can be used with varying degrees of success. These methods include chemical treatments, natural products, comb, shaving, hot air, and silicone based lotions.
Video Treatment of human head lice
General recommendations
The American Academy of Pediatrics states that care for head lice should not be started unless there is a clear diagnosis for head lice because all treatments have potential side effects.
Flea eggs hatch 6-9 days after oviposition. Therefore, a general recommendation is to repeat treatments with pediculises at least once after 10 days, when all lice are hatching. Between two treatments (Day 2-9) the person will still be full of bugs that hatch from eggs not killed by anti-flea products. Among treatments, it is advisable to wet the hair and comb every day with a tick combo to remove the hatching lice.
If no lice are found, the treatment is successful, even if the egg or egg is seen in the hair. If live ticks still exist, repeat the treatment using an anti-flea product with different active ingredients. Prophylactic therapy with pediculiside is not recommended. Itching can last up to one week after the eradication of head lice.
Maps Treatment of human head lice
Hot air
The device blowing hot air onto the scalp has been tested for efficacy in killing fleas and eggs and showing up to 99% egg death and 88% of hatching lice deaths. Fleas lose body moisture into hot air and in the treatment period become dry and die. Currently, there is only one FDA approved medical device that offers this technology.
Standard home hair dryer will kill 96,7% egg with proper technique. To be effective, blow dryers should be used repeatedly (every 1 to 7 days since the eggs hatch within 7 to 10 days) until the natural life cycle of the louse ends (about 4 weeks).
Combing
A special toothed comb that can pick up ticks is used. For treatment with flea comb only, it is recommended to comb the hair for an hour to one half hour (depending on the length and type of hair) every day or every second day for 14 days. Wetting the hair especially with water and shampoo or conditioner will facilitate the combat and removal of fleas, eggs and lice eggs.
Electronic flea comb uses a small electrical charge to kill the fleas. The metal tooth of the comb has alternately positively and negatively charged tines, which are powered by a small battery. When the comb is used on dry hair, the louse makes contact with some tine from a fine-toothed comb, thereby closing the circuit and receiving an electrical charge. Non-peer-reviewed letters have been published in dermatology journals claiming effectiveness based on personal experience (total of 6 uses). For those who have long or fine hair, a long metal tooth comb seems to grab and pull hair. Metal comb may be better for thick hair, while a short plastic tooth comb is best used to treat long and smooth hair.
Drugs
Currently, insecticides used for the treatment of ticks include organochlorines (lindane), organophosphates (malathion), carbamates (carbaryl), pyrethrins (pyrethrum), pyrethroid (permethrin, phenothrin, bioallethrin), and spinosad (spinosyn A and spinosyn D).
The only agents approved by the FDA for pediculosis treatment are topical ivermectin lotions, lindane, and malathion.
Tea tree oil has been promoted as a treatment for head lice; However, the evidence of its effectiveness is weak. A 2012 review of head louse is recommended against the use of tea tree oil for children because it can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions, due to contraindications, and due to lack of knowledge about the safety and effectiveness of oil. Other home remedies such as putting vinegar, isopropyl alcohol, olive oil, mayonnaise, or melted butter on the hair are partially unproven. The use of plastic bags may be dangerous. Similarly, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that swimming has no effect on treating lice, and may actually jeopardize treatment by commercial products. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, common alcohol) is toxic to arthropods including ticks and external applications harmless to humans.
The Pediatrics journal has published a study in which ticks can be killed by strangling them using non-toxic facial cleansers to effectively "shrink wrap" them over a long period of achieving a 95% success rate. The procedure in this study use the application of Nuvo lotion product (Cetaphil), combed thoroughly with regular comb and dry, then hair is disampo after 8 hours. It is repeated once per week for 3 weeks using two study groups: followed up by removing the eggs and the other not. There was no significant difference in success rate in the group. In conclusion, the Journal states, "Dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotions effectively treat hair fleas without neurotoxins, nit removal, or extensive house cleansing These results are comparable or superior to previously reported results for treatment with permethrin, pyrethrin, and malathion. "
Procedures
Shaving the head or cutting a very short hair can be used to control the infestation of the lice. Short hair, baldness, or shaved scalp are commonly seen as a precaution against flea lice. It will also eliminate - especially if maintained for the length of the parasitic reproductive cycle - flea ticks.
Infestation with lice is not a disease and medical symptoms are usually minimal. However, health care providers and parents should strive not to cause emotional problems for children during examination and treatment.
Shave areas above and behind the ears and upper part of the neck while leaving the crown of the head with hair commonly used to prevent lice among tribes in Africa, Asia, and America (in America - Mohawk style).
School care
Schools in the United States, Canada, and Australia generally exclude infected students, and prevent the return of these students until all lice, eggs and eggs are removed. This is the basis of "no-nit policy". Data from American research in 1998-1999 found that no-nit policy was present in 82% of schools visited by suspected lice infestation children. A separate 1998 survey revealed that 60% of American school nurses felt that "forced attendance against a child with hair in her hair is a good idea."
A number of researchers and health organizations have objected to the no-nit policy. Opponents of the no-nit policy say that visible nits may be just empty egg sheets that cause no concern because transmission can only occur through live or egg lice. This led to the perception that the no-nit policy only serves to ease the workload of school nurses and punish the parents of infected children.
Supporters of no-nit policies that only a consistent nit-free child can be reliably proven to be infestation free. That is, the existence of nits serves as an indirect proxy for infestation status. Proponents argue that such a proxy is necessary because the tick examination is susceptible to false negative inferences (ie, failure to find lice present in actively infected children). For example, an Israeli study in 1998 found that 76% of live tick infestation was passed by visual inspection (as verified by subsequent sweeping methods). Although fleas can not fly or jump, they are fast and agile in their original environment (ie, sticking hair near the scalp's warmth), and will try to avoid the light used during the examination. Flea colonies are also rare (often less than 10 ticks), which can cause difficulties in finding live specimens. Furthermore, the lice population consists primarily of immature nymphs, which are even smaller and more difficult to detect than adult fleas.
References
Further reading
- "Flea and flea egg - Maintenance". Choice of NHS. May 17, 2016 . Retrieved August 31 2016 .
External links
- Disease Control and Prevention Center: Parasitic Disease Division
- James Cook University, Australia: Head Lice Information Sheet
- MedicineNet.com: Head Lice Infection (Pediculosis)
- Phthiraptera Central: Flea Bibliography
- University of Nebraska: Head Lice Sources You Can Trust
- National Pediculosis Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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