Knit fabrics are textiles produced from knits. Its properties are different from woven fabrics that are more pliable and more easily made into smaller pieces, making them ideal for socks and hats.
The properties are different from nonwoven fabrics as they are more durable but require more resources to make them, making them suitable for many uses.
Video Knitted fabric
Kain rajut dan rajut lungsin
There are two main types of knit fabrics: knit fabrics and warp knits. Knitted knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are resistant to running, and are commonly used in underwear.
Knitting fabrics are easier to make and more common. When cut, they will parse (run) unless repaired.
Knitted fabrics are resistant to running and relatively easy to sew. Raschel lace - the most common type of lace-made machine - is a warp knitting fabric but uses more guide-bars (12) than regular machines that mostly have three or four bars. (14)
Maps Knitted fabric
Knitted fabric structure
Courses and wales
In weaving, the thread is always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp thread) or transverse (weft thread). In contrast, the yarn in the knitted fabric follows a tortuous path (a only ), forming a symmetrical loop (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the average path of the thread. These twisty knots can be easily stretched in different directions giving the knit fabric more elastic than the woven fabric. Depending on yarn and knitting pattern, knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%. For this reason, knitting is believed to have been developed for clothing that must be elastic or stretched in response to the wearer's movements, such as socks and socks. For comparison, woven clothing stretches mainly along one of the corresponding pair of directions located diagonally between the warp and weft, while contracting in the other direction of the pair (stretching and contraction with bias ), and not very elastic, unless they are knitted from elastic materials such as spandex. Knitwear is often more fitting than woven fabrics, because its elasticity allows them to contour with the lines of the body closer; In contrast, curvature is introduced into most woven clothing with only arrows, flares, gussets and scratches, stitches that lower the elasticity of the woven fabric further. Extra curvature can be put into knitted clothing without sutures, such as on the heels of socks; arrow effects, flares, etc. can be obtained by short lines or by increasing or decreasing the number of stitches. The yarn used in weaving is usually much nicer than the yarn used in knitting, which can provide more knit fabrics and less hanging than woven fabrics.
If they are not secured, loops from the knitting yarn will be released when their threads are pulled; this is known as ripping , parsing knitting, or funny, frogging (because you 'tore it', it sounds like a clustered frog: 'rib- bit '). To secure the stab, at least one new loop is passed. Although the new stitch itself is insecure ("active" or "live"), it secures the seam that is suspended from it. The order of stitches in which each puncture is suspended from the next is called wale . To secure the initial stitches of knitted fabric, methods for casting are used; to secure the final stitching in wale, one uses the binding/casting off method. During knitting, the active sutures are mechanically guaranteed, either from individual hooks (on knitting machines) or from knitting needles or frames in hand knits.
Knitting sutures and pattern stitching
Different stitches and stitch combinations affect the properties of knitted fabrics. Individual seams look different; knit sutures look like "V" stacked vertically, while purl sutures look like horizontal lines wavy across the fabric. Patterns and drawings can be made using colors in knitted fabric using sutures as "pixels"; However, such pixels are usually rectangular, not square. Individual stitches, or sequences of stitches, can be made taller by pulling more threads into new circles (longitudinal sutures), which are the basis for uneven crochet: a series of high stitches can alternate with one or more short stitch lines for visual effects interesting. Short and high stitches can also alternate in a row, forming an oval pattern like a fish.
Stitching also affects the physical properties of a fabric. Stockinette stitch forms a smooth nap. Aran knitting patterns are used to make larger fabrics to retain heat.
In the simplest pattern of knit fabrics, all the seams are knitted or purl; this is known as garter suture. The alternating lines of knitting and purit stitching produce what is known as the stockinette/stocking stitch pattern. Vertical lines (ribs) are possible by having a series of knitted knits and purl turns. For example, the general choice is 2x2 bind, where two wales of knitting suture are followed by two wales of purl stitching, etc. Horizontal stripping (welting) is also possible, by alternating the line of knitted and purl sutures. The checkerboard pattern (basketball cart) is also possible, the smallest known as stitch/stitch: the seams alternating between knitting and purl in each wale and along each row.
Fabrics where the number of stitches of knitting and purl are not the same, such as stockinette/stocking stitches, tend to be curved; on the other hand, where knit and purl sutures are arranged symmetrically (such as bunches, garter stitch or seeds/stitch mens) tend to lie flat and dangle well. Wales from purl stitches have a tendency to recede, while knitting sutures tend to advance. Thus, purle wales in the ribs tend not to be seen, as wales knit neighbors forward. In contrast, the rows of piercing pricks tend to form an arising ridge relative to a series of knitting sutures. This is the basis of knitting shadows, where the appearance of knitted fabrics changes when viewed from different directions.
Striped right and left sutures
Both types of stitches are woven to provide a smooth yet attractive visual texture, and tend to pull the fabric inside, making it stiff. Stitches are woven is a common method for knitting jewelry from fine metal wire.
Edges and joins between fabrics
The initial and final edges of the knit fabric are known as the cast-on edge and the bound/cast-off. Side edges are known as selvages ; word comes from "self-edge", which means that the stitches need not be secured by anything else. Many types of selvages have been developed, with different elastic and ornamental properties.
Edges are introduced in knitted fabric for buttonholes, pockets, or embellishments, by tying/releasing and reprinting again (horizontally) or by knitting fabric on both sides of the edge separately.
Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based graft method, most common is Kitchener stitching. Wales can only start from one edge of knitted fabric; this is known as taking stitches and is the basis for entrelac, where wales run perpendicular to each other in a checkered pattern.
Cable, upgrade, and lace
When knitting wales across, a cable is formed. The cable pattern tends to pull the fabric together, making it denser and less elastic; Aran Sweater is a common form of knitted wires. A complicated braid pattern can be done by knitting wires.
The knit lace consists of making patterns and drawings using holes in the knitting fabric, not with the stitches themselves. Big holes and many in lace knitting make it very elastic; for example, some Shetland's "wedding ring" shawls are so smooth that they can be pulled through a wedding ring.
By combining the increase and decrease, it is possible to make obliquely inclined directions far from vertical, even in knitting the feed. This is the basis for knitting bias, and can be used for visual effects, similar to the direction of brush strokes in oil paintings.
Ornaments and additions
Various ornaments such as dots can be added to knit fabrics for their look or to improve fabric wear. Examples include different types of bobbles, sequins, and beads. The length of the loop can also be pulled out and secured, forming a "shaggy" texture into the fabric; this is known as a knitting circle. Additional patterns can be made on the surface of knitted fabrics using embroidery; if the embroidery resembles a knit, it is often called Swiss darning. Various closures for clothing, such as frogs and buttons can be added; Usually the buttonhole is knitted into the garment, not cut.
Decorative pieces can also be knitted separately and then embedded using applique. For example, different colored leaves and petals can be knitted separately and attached to form the final image. Separately knitted tubes can be applied to knitted fabrics to form complex Celtic knots and other patterns that are difficult to knit.
Unbleached threads can be worked into knitted fabrics for warmth, as do in tassels and "weave" (also known as "couching").
Fabrics properties
The topology of knitted fabrics is relatively complex. Unlike woven fabrics, where the strands usually run horizontally and vertically, the knitted thread follows a circular path along its lines, as with a red strand in the diagram on the left, where the one-line loop has all been drawn through the loop of the line below.
Since there is not a single straight line of yarn anywhere in the pattern, a piece of knitted fabric can stretch in all directions. This elasticity is not available on woven fabrics that only extend along the bias. Many modern outfits are stretched, even as they rely on elastic synthetic materials for some stretching, also reach at least some stretching through knitting patterns.
The basic knitted fabric (as in the diagram, and usually called the pattern of stocking or stockinette ) has a definite "right side" and "wrong side". On the right side, the visible part of the loop is the vertical connecting two rows arranged in the grid of the form V . On the wrong side, the loop end is visible, both top and bottom, creating a more bumpy texture sometimes called reverse stockinette . (Though the "wrong side," inverted stockinette is often used as a pattern in itself.) Since the threads holding the rows together are all up front, and the threads holding side-by-joint sutures are all on return, the stockinette fabric has a strong tendency to bend forward at the top and bottom, and toward the rear on the left and right sides.
Stitches can be worked on one side, and patterns are made by mixing regular knitting sutures with "wrong side" sutures, known as purl sutures, either in columns, rows (garter, welting), or more complicated patterns. Each fabric has different properties: garter sutures have a much more vertical stretch, while ribs extend far more horizontally. Because of its front-rear symmetry, these two fabrics have slightly curly, making them popular as edges, even when the stretching properties are undesirable.
Different combinations of knitting and purl stitching, along with more advanced techniques, produce fabrics of varying consistency, from gauze to very solid, from very elastic to relatively stiff, from flat to strong curling, and so on.
Texture
The most common textures for knitwear are those produced by flat stockinette stitches - as seen, albeit very small, in machine-made stockings and T-shirts - that work inside the circle as nothing but knitted sutures, and work flat as rows alternately knit and purl. Other simple textures can be made with only knitting and purl sutures, including garter sutures, bunches, and moss and seed stitches. Adding a "slip stitch" (where the loop is passed from one needle to another needle) allows for a wide variety of textures, including heel and linen seams as well as a number of more complicated patterns.
Some of the more advanced knitting techniques create a surprising range of complex textures. Combining a certain increment, which can create a small hole in the fabric produced, with various kinds of decline is the key to creating knitted lace, a very open cloth resembling a lace. An open vertical line can be created using knitting knitting techniques. Changing the sequence of stitches from one line to the next, usually with the help of a wire needle or a suture holder, is the key to knit wires, resulting in an endless variety of cable, nest, string, and Aran sweater patterns. Entrelac forms rich checkered textures by knitting small boxes, taking the sides, and knitting more boxes to continue the pieces.
Fair Isle knit using two or more colored threads to create patterns and form thicker and less flexible fabrics.
The appearance of the garment is also influenced by the weight yarn, which describes the thickness of the spun fibers. The thicker the yarn, the more visible and visible the seams are; the thinner the thread, the smoother the texture.
Color
Many finished knitting projects never use more than one yarn color, but there are many ways to work in different colors. Some threads are dyed to be multitudin (change the color of each random stitch) or self-striping (change every few lines). More complicated techniques allow large areas of color (intarsia, for example), busy small-scale patterns (like Fair Isle), or both (double knitting and slip-stitch colors, for example).
Yarns with some of the same color gradations are called ombre , while threads of several colors can be known as colorway provided - green, red and yellow threads may be dubbed "Parrot Colorway" by the manufacturer , for example. Heathered yarn contains a small amount of different color fibers, while tweed yarn may have more different colored fibers.
Woven fabric composition
The most commonly used fibers for knitted fabrics are cotton & amp; viscose with or without elastane, this tends to be a single jersey construction and is used for most tshirt style tops.
The history of knitted fashion
Coco Chanel's coco usage in 1916 in his most influential dress was a turning point for knitwear, which became associated with the woman. Shortly thereafter, Jean Patou's colorful, cabbage-inspired knit was the sportswear of choice.
In the 1940s came the use of iconic body-clothed clothes by sex symbols such as Lana Turner and Jane Russell, although the 1950s were dominated by conservative popcorn knits. The famous 1960s swing is manifested in Missoni's colorful zigzag knitwear. This era also saw the second revival of Sonia Rykiel, dubbed the "Queen of Knights" for her lively striped sweater and her attached dresses, and Kennedy's neatly inspired sweater.
In the 1980s, knitwear emerged from natural sportswear to dominate high fashion; Famous designs include the "bohemian cocoon coat" Romeo Gigli and Ralph Lauren cashmere turkleneck.
Contemporary knitwear designers include Diane von Furstenberg, and Irakli Nasidze.
See also
- Knit
- Knitting machine
- Knitting basic material
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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