In many sports teams involving scoring goals, goalkeepers (called goaltender, netminder , goalkeeper or keeper in some sports) is a player assigned directly to prevent the opposing team from scoring by intercepting a shot on goal. Such positions are in the race, shinty, soccer associations (football), soccer Gaelic, international rules of football, handball, field hockey, bandy, bandy rink, rinkball, floor ball, hockey rollers, ice hockey, ringette, water polo, lacrosse, camogie, and other sports.
Typically a custom rule applies to goalkeepers that do not apply to other players. These rules are often instituted to protect the goalkeeper, being a clear target for dangerous or even violent actions. In certain sports such as ice hockey and lacrosse, goalkeepers have to wear special equipment such as heavy pads and face masks to protect their bodies from the impact of objects played (eg puck). In some sports, the goalkeeper may have the same rights as other players; in association football, for example, guards are allowed to kick the ball just like any other player, but can also handle it in restricted areas. In other sports goalkeepers may be limited in the actions they are allowed to take or the area in which they are located; in the NHL, for example, the goalkeeper may not play a piece in a forbidden area behind the net or take a chip across the red line. The goalkeeper is usually the highest player in the field.
Video Goalkeeper
Example
Associate Football
In football, the team goalkeepers each defend his team's goal and have the privilege in the game. The goalkeeper's main duty is to stop the ball penetration to the goal. The goalkeeper is the only player on the side who might use his hands and arms to catch, throw and save the ball, but only inside his own penalty area. The goalkeeper must wear a distinctive color jersey, separate from the referee jersey color and regular team jersey colors, so the referees can easily identify them. There are no other special requirements, but the goalkeeper is usually allowed to wear additional protective gear such as layered clothing. Most goalkeepers also wear gloves to protect their hands and increase their ball grip. Like every player on the field, they are required to wear a shin guard.
The goalkeeper is allowed to catch the ball, and also be allowed to hit or deflect the ball away from the goal. The goalkeeper generally has a significant advantage on the high ball in the air, as he can lift their arms and play the ball before the attacker can try a header. When the guards pick up the ball, they are allowed to kick or throw it, or put it on the ground and play it with his feet. Legal The official game stipulates that after the goalkeeper takes the ball, he has to distribute it in six seconds; However, referees often use their wisdom as long as the goalkeeper does not clearly try to waste time. Once the guard sets the ball possession, the opposing player is not allowed to try to play the ball and must give the goalkeeper room to try the kick. If the ball is in the air and both the goalkeeper and the field player of the opposing team challenge for the ball, the advantage usually goes to the goalkeeper because he is unable to protect himself.
Although goalkeepers are generally allowed to use their hands in the area of ​​the penalty box, they are not allowed to use their hands on a ball that has been accidentally kicked into them by his teammate (it does not really have to retreat). In such situations, the goalkeeper can play the ball with their feet, but can not pick up the ball. The rule applies only to the actual ball being kicked. The ball that leads or is not kicked can be picked up by the goalkeeper without penalty. Violation of this rule produces an indirect kick to the opposing team. The referee has some discretion in making this call. For example, a ball that is only deflected by a teammate may still be picked up by the goalkeeper. The rules of "back-pass" have been followed in international football and in professional and amateur leagues since the early 1990s, but the league for young players can choose not to enforce the rules. The back pass rules are listed in Law 12 of the Laws of the Game.
Since goalkeepers are usually the only team players to see the whole field, they often act as team organizers when defending, like free kicks or corner kicks. This means the goalkeeper must be loud, with sounds that can project over the field defense area. In turn, the players on their team should be able to listen and respond to directives directed at them.
Field hock
In the field of hockey, goalkeepers generally wear extensive protective equipment including helmets, face and neck protectors, chest and foot protector, arm or elbow shield, special gloves (pure left gloves designed for ball blocking, right gloves also have this function but in addition it is designed to allow the goalkeeper to hold and use his wand), the lower leg protector (known as the bearings) and the shoe cover (known as the kicker). Gloves, bearings and kickers are almost always made of a special high density foam material that protects the goalkeeper and has an excellent rebound quality. It also comes with a stick; one that is designed for the goal or that is used for normal play. Specialist goalkeeping sticks must match the same dimensional limitations as field player sticks but are designed for optimal use with one hand and for blocking rather than hitting the ball. From 2007 the team can choose to play with 11 field players, and no one has the privilege of a goalkeeper. If a goalkeeper is used, they fall into one of two categories: a complete goalkeeper must wear a helmet, unless they are nominated for a penalty kick against the opposing goalkeeper, wearing different colored shirts and at least foot and leg guard (arm and body armor the top is optional); or they may choose to wear only helmets. Goalkeepers are allowed to use their body parts to play or bend the ball, although they can not block the game (eg by lying on it), and they can only do it within the goal circle (or "D"). Outside D they are subject to the same rules as field players and only use their wands to play the ball. The helmet-wearing goalkeepers are not allowed to cross the 23m line from their team, with the exception of the goalkeeper who kicks the penalty. But a goalkeeper who has chosen to wear only helmets is allowed to remove them and provided they are not left on the playing field, they can take part in the game in any part of the field, and defend their goal rights even if they do not have time to replace helmet before rescue. You must use a helmet while maintaining a penalty or penalty corner.
Floorball
On the floorball, the goalkeeper maintains his team's goal and has a privilege in the game. He is the only player who may use his hands to play the ball. The goalkeepers do not have sticks, and they move into a goal curve on their knees, trying to save a shot on goal. When the goalkeeper has the ball, he has 3 seconds to put it back into the game. He may not control the ball beyond the crease, except when kicking it. The goalkeeper is an important part of the starting game, as they can throw the ball for a quick attacking chance. When throwing, the ball must touch the goalkeeper's side first before crossing the center line. Goalkeepers are also important in managing their team games, as they see the whole field better. Any contact against goalkeeper (cuts, interruptions etc.) Will result in free shots or penalty 2 minutes. As in ice hockey, the goalkeeper can replace the additional striker, if a delayed penalty occurs, or if his team needs a goal to tie the game in the final moments of the game. Goalkeepers can score goals, although this does not happen in some leagues. In the game floor ball, more goals are often judged than in, for example, ice hockey, due to very fast game tempos and fast shots.
The only compulsory fixtures for goalkeepers are masks, t-shirts, goalkeepers, and shoes. Most goalkeepers also wear gloves. They may also use other protective equipment, such as knee pads, elbow guards, shin guards, athletes and body armor. In some junior/independent leagues, many goalkeepers are not even wearing goalie shirts, but hooded tops.
Gaelic Football
In Gaelic football, the player's primary job is to prevent goals scoring against his team by directly defending the team's goal. Goals occur when the ball passes through the goal; the attack team is given 3 points. The goalkeeper is the only player who might handle the ball on the ground, and only inside a small box.
Gridiron football
The term "goal-tend" is used in the early description of the American football position to describe the defensive position furthest from the line of struggle. Eventually this term becomes obsolete and is replaced by the term defensive fullback, then to its modern term free safety (or punt returner in kicking situations). Unlike soccer or Gaelic football, goal-ups/safety do not physically protect the goalposts, as they are elevated above the ground and largely out of the reach of any player. Also unlike other football codes, goals tend not to have special ball handling privileges.
One situation in which the goalkeeper can face the responsibility is Canadian football, where one point is awarded for a kicked ball that is not returned from the final zone. While the standard practice is to defend the team to acknowledge a single point, situations often arise where acknowledging that point could harm the lead. Thus, the goal-tend can be used to recover the ball and return it out of the end zone or, generally if it is in the closing seconds of the game, kick the ball back into play or out of bounds to make sure the point is not conceded.
Hurling
In throwing, the main task of the goalkeeper is to prevent goals scored into his goal by directly defending the team's goal. He also took "puckouts" after the score or the ball widened. Goals occur when the ball passes through the goal; the attack team is given 3 points. The goalkeeper has one specific rule related to it, the opposing player may not directly challenge him when he has the ball in the small parallelogram, though they may be harassing him, while if he leaves the small parallelogram, he is subject to the same. rules like all other players. He wears a different colored jersey, for example, if the team has a blue shirt with a white font, the goalkeeper will wear a white shirt with the same design as the blue font. Most goalkeepers use special hurley with broader bats (flat face) to help stop the shot.
Bandy
In bandy, the goalkeeper retains his team's goal and has a privilege in the game, set out in section 6 of the Bandy Play Rules set by the Bandy International Federation. The goalkeeper's main duty is to stop the ball penetration to the goal. He was allowed to hold the ball for six seconds before he had to release it. He may drop him to a defender or throw him straight into an attack.
If the ball cross the goal line, then followed by a different action:
- If the last ball is touched by the defender, his reaction is an own goal if the ball passes through the goal.
- If it passes outside the goal, the reaction is a corner kick.
- If last touched by an attack stick, and passes between posts, the reaction is the target, or
- unauthorized purposes (offside or infringement of the attack team).
- If the ball passes from the attacker across the goal line beyond the goal, the goalkeeper can pick up a new ball from the cage that hangs on the side of the goal, and insert a new ball in the game without a signal from the referee.
The goalkeeper is the only player who might use his hand to play the ball (though only in the penalty area). According to Rule 6.1, goalkeepers must wear t-shirts of different colors from the shirts of teams to avoid confusion for referees. The goalkeeper wears a padded glove to help catch the ball, big shinpads, a padded sweater, and a helmet with a face mask.
He is the only player in the team who can pass the ball to a teammate with the help of his shoe. The team may have a reserve goalkeeper, and both can change at any time during the game, without the need to inform the referee. There is no time-out in bandy, but exceptions are sometimes made when the goalkeeper is injured, especially if they do not have a designated reserve guard.
Since goalkeepers are usually the only team players to see the whole field, they often act as team organizers when defending, especially for free strikes against them.
Ice Hockey
Known as a "goaltender" in ice hockey, players retain their team's goal nets by stopping shots from slotted into the goal, preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the fold goal (often referred to simply as a crease or net ). Due to the force of the shot, the goaltender uses special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact. Only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at a time.
Football international rules
In the international rules of football, a hybrid game between Australian rules of football (which has no goalkeeper) and Gaelic football, the goalkeeper's main duty is to prevent goals scored. The goal occurs when the ball is released from any part of the attacking player and passes through the goal; The attack team is awarded 6 points.
Field of lacrosse
In the men's field lacrosse, the designated goalkeeper is allowed to have a stick from 40 inches to 72 inches long and the cross head of the goalkeeper can measure up to 12 inches wide. This is significantly greater than the head of the field player to assist in blocking the shot. After a goalkeeper makes a save and has control of the ball in the crosse (stick), he may just keep the ball inside the protective crease for four seconds (the length depends on the level of the game). Before the four seconds run out, the goalkeeper must either pass the ball or leave the crease. After leaving, he may not re-enter the fold with the possession of the ball.
While inside the fold (nine feet in radius), the offensive player may not make contact with the goalkeeper or his wand. Doing so was declared a "goalkeeper" and punished with a free halfway line. (There is a significant difference between the NCAA/MLL rules and the international rules regarding the pass while the goalkeeper is inside the fold: under the NCAA/MLL rules, contact with the goalie stick while in passing action, even after the ball is released, Under international rules protection ends when possession ends, so contact with the gozzoe stick after the ball is released is legal.) In addition, a goalkeeper is allowed to make contact with the ball with his hand, even though he is not allowed to control it or retrieve it.
In a lacrosse woman, once the keeper makes a save and controls the ball in his crosse, he may still have the ball inside the crease for ten seconds. The rules of interference are similar to the male lacrosper; unlike in a man game, a goalkeeper woman is allowed to control or even take the ball in his hand.
In lacrosse both men and women, the goalkeeper must wear a helmet and 4-point chinstrap, neck protector, gloves, and chest protector. The use of protective cups, for obvious reasons, is required in men's play; thigh pads and shinguards were also required for women goalkeepers in 2007. Although they were allowed, some goalkeepers opted to wear optional protective equipment, including elbow and shoulder pads, thigh pads and shin guards, and sweat pants.
The lacrosse box
Since the creation of indoor or box lacrosse in the 1930s, the unique form of lacrosse goaltender was formed for the different dynamics of lacrosse on an ice-free ice hockey pad.
Water polo
The goalie in the water polo was granted some privileges when inside the five-meter area:
- The ability to touch the ball with both hands.
- The ability to stand (ie, if he can.) Most water polo pools have a depth of at least two meters)
- The ability to punch a ball with a fist
However, they have one boundary that field players do not have: they should not cross the half-distance line.
Rules change in 2006:
The four and seven-meter lines are combined into a five-meter line. A goalkeeper is now possible under the revised rule:
- More than 5m matches the field rules (one hand) and does not cross half the line.
- Use two hands
New cap rule:
- The goalkeeper hat should now be in duplicate red/dark for home and red/white to go
- The goalkeeper must be number 1, 13, or 15
- For women: a red swimming cap should be worn under the goalkeeper hat, the team's dark swimming cap is no longer acceptable because it is difficult to distinguish the goalkeepers from the field players if the official cap is off.
This revision is in accordance with the pool rule/dive and water polo NFHS 2006-2007. The USWP and NCAA rules may be slightly different.
The water polo goalkeeper is the most unprotected goalkeeper with no gloves or body protection.
Handball
In handball, the goalkeeper is the only player on the team who is allowed to remain in the 6 meter zone throughout the competition. A goalkeeper is allowed to keep the ball with all parts of his body, including two hands, trunk, two legs and so on, in just a 6 meter zone that survives.
Every time the ball is left on the ground in a 6-meter zone, the keeper has possession of the ball; when the ball is in the air above the 6-meter zone, the opponent can still jump to catch the ball without stepping in the 6-meter zone.
A goalkeeper can participate in a foul with a long ball pass to a teammate in a half-opponent court for a quick score.
Common handball goalkeeper outfit:
- Long-sleeved dress
- Trousers
- Any body protection (such as a base layer or a protective cup)
Maps Goalkeeper
Goalkeeper on coins and postage
The goalkeeper has been used on coins and medals of collectors such as the euro euro 5 euro coin of 100 years Austria which was printed on 12 May 2004. The coin depicts a successful shot by a football player, shown in the background, with the ball only through the goalkeeper (still in the air) into the goal.
References
- FINA's water polar rules
External links
- Serious Goalkeeping
- Goalkeeper Web site
- The Soccer Goalkeeper warms up regularly
- Different goalkeepers
- Goalkeeping Museum
- Goalkeeper Training Website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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