Tintin Adventure (French: Les Aventures de Tintin ; Le VingtiÃÆ'¨me SiÃÆ'¨cle (Twentieth Century). The success of this series sees a series of series published in leading Belgian newspapers Le Soir (The Evening) and spins into a magazine < i> Tintin successful. In 1950, HergÃÆ'  © created the Hergà © Ã… © Studios, which produced a canonical version of the ten albums Tintin .
The series is set during the 20th century which is very realistic. Her hero is Tintin, a brave young brave reporter and adventurer. He is assisted by his faithful dog, Snowy ( Milou in the original edition of France). Other protagonists include the brash and cynical Captain Haddock and the intelligent but profoundly hearing-impaired Professor Calculus (French: Professur Tournesol Professur Tournesol ), as well as an incompetent detective. Thomson and Thompson (French: Dupont et Dupond ) and opera diva Bianca Castafiore.
The series is admired for its clean and expressive image in the signature HergÃÆ'Â © ligne claire ("clear line") style. His well-researched fields straddle various genres: exciting adventures with elements of fantasy, mystery, political thriller, and science fiction. These stories feature a slapstick humor, balanced with sophisticated satirical strips and political or cultural commentary.
Video The Adventures of Tintin
History
Le Vingtià < ¨me SiÃÆ'¨cle : 1929-1939
Georges Remi, best known by the pen name Hergà ©, was employed as an illustrator at Le VingtiÃÆ'¨me SiÃÆ'¨cle ("20th Century"), a staunch Roman Catholic, a newspaper Belgian conservative based in the original Brussels HergÃÆ' ©. Run by Abbà © Ã… © Norbert Wallez, the newspaper describes itself as "the Catholic newspaper for Doctrine and Information" and disseminates the right-wing and fascist viewpoints. Wallez pointed to HergÃÆ'  © editor of the new Thursday youth supplement, titled Le Petit VingtiÃÆ'¨me (" The Little Twentieth "). Spreading Wallez's socio-political outlook to young readers, it contains explicitly pro-fascist and anti-Semitic sentiments. In addition to editing supplements, HergÃÆ'  © illustrated L'extraordinaire aventure de Flup, NÃÆ'  © nesse, Poussette et Cochonnet ( " Flup's Exciting Adventure, NÃÆ'Ã… © nesse, Poussette and Cochonnet "), a strip comic written by a newspaper sports staff member. Not content with this, HergÃÆ'  © wants to write and draw his own cartoons.
He already has experience in making comics. From July 1926 he had written a strip about a Scout patrol leader titled Les Aventures de Totor C.P. des Hannetons (" Totor Adventure, Cockchafer Scout Leader ") for the Scout Movie Le Boy Scout Belge (" The Belgian Boy Scout "). Totor greatly influenced Tintin, with HergÃÆ' Â © describing the latter as younger Totor's younger brother. Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier state that graphically, Totor and Tintin are "almost identical" except for Scouting uniforms, also note many similarities between their respective adventures, especially in the style of illustration, the rapid pace of the story, and the use of humor. He was fascinated by new techniques in the media such as the systematic usage of speech bubbles - found in American comics such as George McManus' Bringing Father, George Herriman Krazy Kat and Rudolph Dirks's < i> Katzenjammer Kids , a copy has been sent to him from Mexico by newspaper reporter LÃÆ' Â © on Degrelle.
Although HergÃÆ' Â © wanted to send Tintin to the United States, Wallez ordered him to organize his adventures in the Soviet Union, acting as an anti-socialist propaganda for children. The result, Tintin in the Soviet Land, was serialized at Le Petit VingtiÃÆ'¨me from January 1929 to May 1930. Popular in Francophone Belgium, Wallez organized publicity events at Gare du Nord station, after which he arranged the publication of the story in book form. The popularity of the story led to an increase in sales, so Wallez gave two of HergÃÆ'Â ©'s assistants. In Wallez's direction, in June he started the second story series, Tintin in the Congo , designed to encourage colonial sentiment against the Belgian Congo. Written in a paternalistic style depicting Congolese people as childlike idiots, within a few decades later he was accused of racism, but at the time was not controversial and popular, and further publicity stunts were held to increase sales.
For the third adventure, Tintin in America , serialized from September 1931 to October 1932, HergÃÆ' Â © finally had to deal with the scenario of his own choice, and used his work to encourage anti-capitalist, anti-consumerist ideology ultra-conservative newspaper. Tintin Adventure has been syndicated in the French Catholic magazine Coeurs Vaillants ("Brave Hearts") since the French text 1930, and HergÃÆ' Â © immediately received a syndication request from Swiss and Portuguese newspapers as well.
HergÃÆ'Â © went on to write a series of Adventures of Tintin, sending his character to real locations like the Belgian Congo, the United States, Egypt, India, Tibet, China, and England. He also sent Tintin to his self-designed fictitious countries, such as the Latin American republic of San Theodoros, the Eastern European Syldavian empire, or the fascist state of Borduria - whose leader, MÃÆ'¼stler, was a combination of German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. and the Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini.
Le Soir : 1940-1945
In May 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Belgium when World War II broke out across Europe. Although HergÃÆ' Â © escaped to France and was considered exile, he finally decided to return to his native land. For political reasons, the Nazi authorities shut down Le VingtiÃÆ'¨me SiÃÆ'¨cle, leaving HergÃÆ'Â © idle. In search of a job, he got a job as an illustrator at the leading newspaper of Belgium, Le Soir ( The Evening ), which was allowed to continue publication under German management. On October 17, 1940, he was made editor of the children's supplement, Le Soir Jeunesse, where he began to produce Tintin's new adventures. In a more repressive new political climate of the German-occupied Belgium, HergÃÆ' Ã… © can no longer explore political themes in his Adventures of Tintin so he is not captured by the Gestapo. As Harry Thompson notes, Tintin's role as a reporter ends, to be replaced by his new role as an explorer.
From 1943, HergÃÆ'Â © with the help of Edgar P. Jacobs began redrawing and coloring Tintin's early adventures, while also collaborating in the production of new stories. Old stories, usually a little over 100 pages, are restructured to fit 62 pages. Jacobs finally ended his collaboration in 1947 when HergÃÆ' Â © refused to share credit with him. They remain friends regardless of the fact.
Le journal de Tintin ( Tintin magazine). While excited to have his work published again, HergÃÆ' Â © quickly learned that if Tintin magazine is the plumber, it is also his demanding master. He no longer has the freedom he likes; he was asked to produce two colored pages each week for Leblanc magazine - high order. Nevertheless, HergÃÆ' to HergÃÆ''s dedication to detail continues, his artistic standards are increasing, even as the pressure increases.
Finally, in 1950, HergÃÆ' © started hunting better staff members of Tintin magazine to work in the big house on Avenue Louise containing the newly born Studio Hergà ©. Bob De Moor (who mimics the HergÃÆ' © © style and does half the work), Guy Dessicy (colourist), and Marcel DeHaye (secretary) are the essence. For this, HergÃÆ'  © adds Jacques Martin (imitating Hergà © Ã… ©) style, Roger Leloup (detail, realistic picture), Eugène Evany (then head of Studio), Michel Demaret (letterer), and Baudouin Van Den Branden (secretary ). As Harry Thompson observes, the idea is to transform the process of creating the Tintin Adventure into a real production line, artwork that moves from person to person, everyone knows their part, like an artistic orchestra with HergÃÆ'  © did. "The Studios produced eight new Tintin albums for Tintin magazine, and colored and reformatted the two old Tintin albums. Studios HergÃÆ'  © continued to release additional publications until the death of HergÃÆ' © in 1983. In 1986, an unfinished album was released twenty-four, Studios were dissolved, and its assets transferred to the HergÃÆ'  © Foundation. Supported by the latest adaptation, The Adventures of Tintin continues to entertain a new generation of Tintin fans today.
Maps The Adventures of Tintin
Character
Tintin and Snowy
Tintin is a young Belgian reporter and adventurer who is involved in dangerous cases where he takes heroic acts to save the day. The Adventures may feature Tintin who works hard in his investigative journalism, but rarely does he actually see a story.
Readers and critics have described Tintin as an intact but open, intelligent and creative character, stating that his somewhat neutral personality - sometimes labeled as bland - allows a balanced reflection of evil, folly, and ignorance, which surrounds him. The character never compromises with his Boy Scout ideals, which represent HergÃÆ' Â © himself, and his status allows the reader to take a position in the story, not just following the adventures of a powerful protagonist. Tintin's iconic representation enhances this aspect, with Scott McCloud noting that "it allows readers to cover themselves in character and safely enter a sensory-inducing world."
Snowy ( Milou in the original version of HergÃÆ'Â ©), the White Wire Fox Terrier, is a loyal, four-legged friend of Tintin. The bond between Snowy and Tintin is very deep, as they have saved each other from dangerous situations over and over again. Snowy often "speaks" to the reader through his mind (often featuring a dry sense of humor), which is not heard by human characters in the story. Snowy almost let Tintin down, especially when bothered by bones. Like Captain Haddock, he likes Scotch Loch Lomond whiskey, and occasional drinking tends to get him into trouble. When undisturbed, Snowy is generally fearless, his only fear being arachnophobia. When Tintin is bound by criminals (which often happens), Snowy can usually free him by gnawing at the rope.
Captain Haddock
Captain Archibald Haddock ( Captain Haddock in the original version of Hergà ©  ©) is a marine captain of the Merchant Marine and a friend of Tintin. Introduced in Crab with Gold Claw, Haddock was originally portrayed as a weak and alcoholic character, but later developed into a truly heroic and even socialite after he discovered the treasure of his ancestor Sir Francis Haddock (Chevalier FranÃÆ'§ ois de Hadoque in its original version). Humanity and sarcasm The loud captain acts as a counter to Tintin's often unreasonable heroism; she was always quick with dry comments every time the child reporter seemed too idealistic. After he and Tintin discovered Red Rackham's treasure, Captain Haddock lived in the Marlinspike Hall's luxury house (Le chÃÆ' à ¢ teau de Moulinsart in original French).
The hot-tempered Haddock uses various insults and colorful curses to express his feelings, such as "billions of granulated blue barns" (In the original version: Mille milliard de mille sabords de tonnerre de Brest) or "ten thousand thunder storms", "bashi -bouzouk "," visigoth "," kleptomaniac ", or" sea gherkin ", but none of which are actually considered insulting words. He is a hard drinker, especially likes rum and Scotch whiskey, especially Loch Lomond; his drunken attacks are often used for comic effects, but sometimes make him experience serious problems.
Professor Calculus
Professor Cuthbert Calculus ( Professeur Tryphon Tournesol in the original version of HergÃÆ' Â ©; tournesol is the French word for "sunflower") is a dazed and partially deaf physicist and a regular character together Tintin, Snowy, and Haddock. He was introduced to Red Rackham's Treasure, and partially based on Auguste Piccard's , a Swiss expert physics. Notable figures at first did not welcome his presence, but through his generous nature and scientific ability, he developed a lasting bond with them. Finally, at the end of the Black Gold Land, he became a resident of Marlinspike Hall. Usually polite and dignified, Calculus sometimes loses its patience and acts in spectacularly aggressive ways in response to real or perceived insults, such as when Captain Haddock belittled his work or accused him of "goat acting". He is a very believing person in terms of dowsing, and carrying a pendulum for that purpose. Tungu Calculus is often a source of humor, as he repeats what he thinks he has heard, usually with the least possible words. She did not admit that she was deaf and insisted that she was just "a bit hard of hearing in one ear."
Supporting characters
The supporting characters of Hergà © have been quoted much more developed than the central character, each imbued with the strength of character and depth of personality, which has been compared to the characters of Charles Dickens. HergÃÆ'  © using the supporting characters to create a realistic world to organize his protagonist adventures. For further realism and continuity, characters will reappear throughout the series. The Belgian occupation and the restrictions imposed on HergÃÆ'  © forced him to focus on characterization to avoid describing the troublesome political situation. As a result, the colorful supporters developed during this period.
Thomson and Thompson (Dupont et Dupond in the original version of HergÃÆ' ©) are two incompetent detectives who look like identical twins, their only difference is the shape of his mustache. First introduced in Pharaoh's Cigars, they provide a great deal of comic help throughout the series, which suffers from chronic spoonerisms. They are very awkward, completely incompetent, and usually tend to hold the wrong characters. Detectives usually wear bowler hats and carry walking sticks except when sent abroad; during the mission they tried the national costumes of the locality they visited, but wore folkloric clothing strikingly stereotypes that made them stand apart. The detectives were based in part on Hergà © Ã… © Alexis and LÃÆ'  © on father, identical twins who often strolled together, wearing matching bowler hats with matching rods.
Bianca Castafiore is an opera singer where Haddock is terrified. He was first introduced in King Ottokar's Scepter and appears to appear anywhere along the protagonist, along with Irma's maid and pianist Igor Wagner. He's cute, silly, dazed, and talkative, and does not seem to notice that his voice is shrill and shrieking loudly. His expertise is Song Jewel ( Ah! Je wake me up voir si belle en ce miroir / Ah! past compare, this bright gem I wear ) from Gounod's opera, Faust , which he sang at least provocation, much to the dismay of Haddock. She is often motherly to Haddock, who does not like her to remain ignorant. He often confuses words, especially names, with other words that rhyme with them or that they remind him; "Haddock" is often replaced by malapropisms such as "Paddock", "Stopcock", or "Hopscotch", while Nestor, butler Haddock, confused with "Chestor" and "Hector". His own name means "white and sacred flowers": a meaning once referred to by Professor Calculus when he gave birth to a white rose and named it a singer. He is based on the opera divas in general (in the opinion of Hergà © Ã… ©), Aunt HergÃÆ'  © Ninie (known for his singing "shrill"), and, in the post-war comic, about Maria Callas.
Other recurring characters include Nestor the butler, faithful Chinese Chang, Rastapopoulos criminal mastermind, Jolyon Wagg the annoying insurance salesman (for Haddock), General Alcazar South American freedom fighter and President of San Theodoros, Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab Arab emir, Abdullah, his naughty boy, Dr. MÃÆ'¼ller a wicked German psychiatrist, Oliveira da Figueira, a friendly Portuguese businessman, Cutts the butcher whose telephone number repeatedly misinterpreted Haddock's, and Allan, Rastapopoulos's men and former Haddock pairs.
Settings
Settings in Tintin have also added depth to the strip. HergÃÆ' Â © mixing real and fictitious land into his story. In King Ottokar's Scepter , HergÃÆ' Â © creates two fictitious states, Syldavia and Borduria, and invites readers to guide them in the text through the insertion of travel brochures into the storyline. Other fictional lands include Khemed in the Arabian Peninsula and San Theodoros, Sao Rico, and Nuevo Rico in South America, as well as the Indian kingdom of Gaipajama. In addition to these fictitious sites, Tintin also visited real places like Switzerland, Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, Belgian Congo, Peru, India, Egypt, Indonesia, Nepal, Tibet and China. Other localities actually used are Sahara Desert, Atlantic Ocean, and Moon.
Research
The extensive HergÃÆ'Â © Â © research begins with The Blue Lotus ; HergÃÆ'Â © states, "Since then I have done research and was very interested in the people and countries where I sent Tintin, from a sense of responsibility to my readers".
HergÃÆ'ÂÂ Â © using his research and photographic references allowed him to build a realized universe for Tintin, going so far as to create fictional nations, dressing them with a certain political culture. It is highly informed by a culture that is evident in HergÃÆ'Â's for life. Pierre Skilling has asserted that HergÃÆ'Â © sees the monarchy as a "legitimate form of government", noting that "democratic values ​​appear under-represented in [classical] France-Belgium" lines. Syldavia is specifically described in detail, HergÃÆ' Â © makes history, customs, and languages, which is actually a transcript of Marols that looks like Slavs, a dialect of the Brussels working class. He rules the country in the Balkans, and that, by his own admission, mimics Albania. The country finds itself threatened by its neighbor, Borduria, with the annexation effort that sprang up at King Ottokar's Scepter . This situation is parallel to the Italian conquest of Albania, and that of Czechoslovakia and Austria by the expansion of Nazi Germany before World War II.
Hergà © using research will include a month of preparation for Tintin's cruise to the moon in two sections of the storyline spread over the Destination Moon and Explorer on the Moon . His research for the storyline was noted in New Scientist : "HergÃÆ' © a lot of research makes it possible for him to come very close to the type of space setting to be used in the upcoming Exploration of the Moon, although his depiction of the type of rocket which is really used is far from the target ". Moon rocket is based on the German V-2 rocket.
Influences
In his youth, HergÃÆ' Â © admired Benjamin Rabier Soviet , where my drawings are designed along a decorative line, such as 'S'. "HergÃÆ'Â © also felt it was no use acknowledging that he had stolen a round nose picture from George McManus, feeling that they were" that I use them, without objection! "
During extensive research HergÃÆ'Â © conducted for The Blue Lotus , he became influenced by the style of illustrations and pieces of Chinese and Japanese wood. This is especially evident in the seascapes, which are reminiscent of Hokusai and Hiroshige's works.
HergÃÆ' Â © also states Mark Twain's influence, though this admiration may have caused him to pervert when describing the Inca for not having knowledge of the impending solar eclipse in the Sun Prisoner, the errors of T.Ã, F. Mills are attributed with an attempt to describe "Incas with awe from the last day of 'Connecticut Yankee'".
Translation into English
English
Tintin first appeared in English at the weekly British i comic children Eagle in 1951 with the story King Ottokar's Scepter . It was translated with Casterman, Tintin's publisher, and began by describing Tintin as "French boy". Snowy is called by his French name "Milou".
The process of translating Tintin into English English was then commissioned in 1958 by Methuen, publisher of Hergà ©  English. This is a joint operation, headed by Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner, in collaboration with HergÃÆ' © to achieve accurate translations as clearly as possible for the original work. Because some of the many language-specific word games (such as beats) in the series, especially the jokes played on the deafness of Professor Calculus, there is always the intention of not literally translating but trying to sculpt a work. idioms and jokes that will be meritorious in their own right. Though Hergà © hands are freely given two, they work closely with the original text, asking for routine help to understand the intentions of HergÃÆ' ©.
The English translation is also eliminated to attract British habits and values. Milou, for example, was named Snowy at the discretion of the translators. Captain Haddock Le chÃÆ' Â ¢ teau de Moulinsart renamed Marlinspike Hall.
When it was time to translate The Black Island , which is set in Great Britain, an opportunity is taken to redraw the entire book. Methuen has decided that the book does not portray the United Kingdom as accurate enough, and has compiled a list of 131 detailed faults, which must be put in place, such as ensuring that British police are unarmed and ensuring a more accurate British rural scene. for a smart English reader. The resulting album is the most dramatically updated and redrawn version of 1966 available today. At the beginning of the 21st century, Egmont publishes Tintin's books in England and elsewhere.
America
Unlike in much of Western Europe, Tintin's books have limited popularity in the United States.
His works were first adapted for the British American market by Golden Books, a branch of Western Publishing Company in the 1950s. The albums were translated from French to American English with some empty artwork panels except speech balloons. This is done to remove content that is considered inappropriate for children, such as drunkenness and free race mixing. The albums were unpopular and only six were published in mixed order. The edited album then has a blanked area drawn by HergÃÆ' Â © to be more accepted, and now they appear in this way in editions published around the world.
From 1966 to 1979, the Children's Digest included monthly installments The Adventures of Tintin . This serialization works to increase Tintin's popularity, introducing it to thousands of new readers in the United States.
Atlantic Monthly Press, in collaboration with Little, Brown and Company that started in the 1970s, republished an album based on the English translation. Changes are made for vocabularies unknown to American audiences (such as gaols, tires, sedans, and wrenches). At the beginning of the 21st century, Little, Brown and Company (owned by Hachette Book Group USA) continues to publish Tintin books in the United States.
Digital version
The official Mintinsart Tintin app on the Apple App Store, launched with the release of a digital version of Tintin in the Congo on June 5, 2015, features a new English translation by renowned journalist and author Michael Farr.
Fonts and typography
Tintin's English Adventures books were originally published with handwritten notes made by cartographer Neil Hyslop. 1958 Crab with Gold Claw was first published with Hyslop. Hyslop is given a version of HergÃÆ' © s artwork with a blank panel. Hyslop will write his English script on similar material like a slippery, which aims to fit in the original speech bubble. Sometimes bubble sizes need to be adjusted if the translated text does not match. In the early 2000s, British publisher Tintin Egmont stopped the publication of books that featured Hyslop handwriting, instead of publishing books with text made with digital fonts. This change was triggered by real estate managers Casterman and Hergà ©  © Moulinsart, who decided to replace localized handwriting with one computerized letter for all Tintin titles worldwide.
Reception
Awards
On June 1, 2006, the Dalai Lama conferred an International Campaign for the Tibetan Light Awards of Truth over the HergÃÆ' © Foundation, together with South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu. The award is in recognition of HergÃÆ'  © Tintin in Tibet , the most personal HergÃÆ' ©  ©, the Executive Director of ICT Europe Tsering Jampa notes is "for many... their introduction to the landscape and culture of Tibet which was amazing. "In 2001, the HergÃÆ'  © Foundation demanded the recall of the Chinese translation of the work, which had been released under the title Tintin in Chinese Tibetan .The work was later published with a correct title translation. Receiving on behalf of the Hergà © Foundation, Hergà © © widow Fanny Rodwell stated, "We never thought that this friendship story would have a resonance more than 40 years later".
Literary critic
The study of Tintin, sometimes referred to as "Tintinology", has been the living work of some literary critics in Belgium, France and England. The Belgian writer Philippe Goddin has written Hergà ©  © et Tintin reporter: Du Petit VingtiÃÆ'¨me au Journal Tintin (1986, later reissued in English as Hergà © Ã… © and Tintin Reporters: From " Le Petit VingtiÃÆ'¨ I "for" Tintin "Magazine in 1987) and HergÃÆ'  © et les Bigotudos (1993) among other books on the series. In 1983, the French writer BenoÃÆ'®t Peeters released Le Monde d'HergÃÆ' © , which was later published in English as Tintin and Hergà ©  © in 1988. The English reporter Michael Farr has written works such as Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001), Tintin & Co. (2007) and The Adventures of Hergà ©  © 2007, while British television producer Harry Thompson wrote Tintin: Hergà © © and his Creation (1991).
The literary critic, especially in French-speaking Europe, has also examined The Adventures of Tintin. In 1984, Jean-Marie ApostolidÃÆ'¨s published his study of Adventures of Tintin from an "adult" perspective more like Les MÃÆ'Ã… © tamorphoses de Tintin , published in English as The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults in 2010. In reviewing the book ApostolidÃÆ'¨s, Nathan Perl-Rosenthal of The New Republic thought that it was "not to faint "After the work of ApostolidÃÆ'¨s, the French psychoanalyst Serge Tisseron examined the series in his book Tintin et les Secrets de Famille (" Tintin and the Family Secrets "), published in 1990, and Tintin et le Secret d'Hergà ©  © (" The Secret of Tintin and Hergà © Ã… © "), was published in 1993.
The first literary works of English literature devoted to this series are Tintin and the Secret of Literature, written by novelist Tom McCarthy and published in 2006. McCarthy compares HergÃÆ'Â © to works by Aeschylus. , HonorÃÆ'Â © de Balzac, Joseph Conrad, and Henry James and argue that this series contains the key to understanding the literature itself. McCarthy considers Adventures of Tintin to be "extraordinarily rich", containing "plot and symbolic mastery, themes and sub-texts" which, influenced by Tisseron's psychoanalysis of works, he believes can be interpreted to express a series of themes recurring, ranging from barter to implicit sexual relationships that HergÃÆ' Â © has performed throughout the series. Reviewing the book in The Telegraph, Toby Clements argues that McCarthy's work, and comic literary critic HergÃÆ'Â © in general, cuts "almost closely" to simply feeding "the tastes of those willing to cross." the line between enthusiasm and obsessiveness "in the Tintinological community.
Controversy
The earliest stories in The Adventures of Tintin have been criticized for presenting racial stereotypes, animal cruelty, colonialism, violence, and even fascist tendencies, including ethnocentric caricature depictions of non-Europeans. While the HergÃÆ' Â © Foundation has presented such criticism as naÃÆ'¯vetÃÆ' Â © and scholar HergÃÆ'Â © as Harry Thompson said that "HergÃÆ'Â © did what the AbbÃÆ'Â © Wallez ordered", HergÃÆ'Â © himself felt that his background made it it is impossible to avoid prejudice, stating, "I am fed prejudices from the bourgeois society that surrounds me."
In Tintin in the Soviet Land , the Bolsheviks were presented as criminals. HergÃÆ'  © was interested in Moscow Unveiled, a work given to him by Wallez and was written by Joseph Douillet, a former Belgian consul in Russia, who was very critical of the Soviet regime, although HergÃÆ'  © contextualized this by noting that in Belgium, when a devout Catholic nation, "Whatever the Bolsheviks are atheists". In the story, Bolshevik leaders are motivated by personal greed and a desire to deceive the world. Tintin discovered, buried, "the hiding place where Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin accumulated the wealth stolen from the people". HergÃÆ'Ã… © then dismissed the failure of this first story as "a violation of my youth." In 1999, even when Tintin's politics became the subject of debate in the French parliament, part of this presentation was recorded much more sensibly, with the British weekly newspaper The Economist states, "In retrospect, however, the land is starved and the tyranny painted by Hergà ©  © is incredibly accurate. "
Tintin in the Congo has been criticized for presenting Africans as naÃff and primitive. In his original work, Tintin is featured on the blackboard that discusses African children's classes. "My friend," he said, "I'll talk to you today about your land: Belgium." HergÃÆ' Â © redrew was in 1946 to show a lesson in mathematics. HergÃÆ' © © then confessed the error in his original story, forgiving him by saying, "I describe these Africans according to... pure paternalistic spirit at the time." Sue Buswell, who was Tintin's editor at Methuen, summarized the problems felt with the book in 1988 as "all to do with rubber lips and piles of dead animals", though Thompson noted his quote might be "taken out of context".
Drawing on AndrÃÆ' © Maurois' Les Silence du colonel Bramble , HergÃÆ' Â © presents Tintin as a game hunter, accidentally killing fifteen antelopes as opposed to those needed for dinner. However, concerns over the number of dead animals caused the Scandinavian publishers Tintin ' to request a change. A Tintin page kills a rhino by drilling a hole in its back and inserting a dynamite stick is considered excessive; HergÃÆ' Â © replaced the page with a page where the rhino accidentally removed Tintin's rifle as he slept under a tree. In 2007, the UK Racial Equality Commission called for the book to be pulled off the shelves after complaints, stating, "It believes that in this day and age every shop will think it acceptable to sell and display Tintin in Congo "In August 2007, a Congolese student lodged a complaint in Brussels that the book was an insult to the people of Congo. The public prosecutor was investigated, and a criminal case was initiated, although the matter was transferred to a civilian court. Belgium's Center for Equal Opportunities warns against "overreaction and excessive political correctness".
HergÃÆ' Â © change some early albums in the next edition, usually at the request of the publisher. For example, at the instigation of American publishers, many African characters in Tintin in America are re-colored to make Caucasian or ambiguous races. The Shooting Star originally had an American criminal with a Jewish "Blumenstein" family name. This proves controversial, because his character shows excessive Jewish characteristics and stereotypes. "Blumenstein" was transformed into an American with a less ethnic special name, Mr. Bohlwinkel, in later and subsequent editions to South America from a fictitious country - SÃÆ' Â £ Rico. HergÃÆ' Â © later found out that 'Bohlwinkel' is also a Jewish name.
Adaptation and memorabilia
Tintin Adventure has been adapted in various media besides original comics and collections. HergÃÆ' Â © encourages adaptation and members of his studio to work on animated films. After the death of HergÃÆ'Â © in 1983, the HergÃÆ' Â © Foundation and Moulinsart, the commercial wing and the foundation's copyright, became responsible for endorsing adaptations and exhibitions.
Television and radio
Two animated television adaptations and one radio adaptation have been made.
Tintin HergÃÆ' Â © Adventure ( Les aventures de Tintin d'aprÃÆ'¨s Hergé © ©/span> ) (1957) is the first production of Belvision Studios. Ten HergÃÆ'Â © Â books are adapted, each serialized into a set of five minute episodes, with 103 episodes produced. The series was directed by Ray Goossens and written by Belgian comic writer Greg, then editor-in-chief of Tintin magazine, and produced by Raymond Leblanc. Most stories in this series vary greatly from the original book, often changing the whole plot.
Tintin Adventure ( Les aventures de Tintin ) (1991-1992) is a television series < i> Tintin more successful. The adaptation of the twenty-one Tintin book, was directed by StÃÆ'  © phane Bernasconi and produced by Ellipse (France) and Nelvana (Canada) on behalf of the Hergà © Foundation. This series is firmly attached to the album in such a way that the panel from the original is often diverted directly to the screen. The series aired in over fifty countries and was released on DVD. It was aired in the US on HBO.
The Adventures of Tintin (1992-1993) radio series produced by BBC Radio 4. His drama stars Richard Pearce as Tintin and Andrew Sachs as Snowy. Captain Haddock was played by Leo McKern in Seri One and Lionel Jeffries in Series Two, Professor Calculus played by Stephen Moore and Thomson and Thompson played by Charles Kay.
The Adventures of Tintin was also released as a radio drama on LP and recorded cassettes in French versions in Belgium, France and Canada, German version in West Germany, Swedish version in Swedish, Danish language version in Denmark and Norwegian language versions in Norway.
Movies
Five long-length movies Tintin were created before the death of Hergà © in 1983 and another in 2011.
Tintin and Golden Fleece ( Tintin and le mystÃÆ'¨re de la Toon d'Or ) (1961), the first live film Tintin , was adapted not from one of the Hergà ©  © Adventures of Tintin but from the original manuscript written by AndrÃÆ' © Barret and Rà © Ã… © © mo Forlani. Directed by Jean-Jacques Vierne and starring Jean-Pierre Talbot as Tintin and Georges Wilson as Haddock, the plot involves Tintin traveling to Istanbul to collect the Golden Fleece, a ship abandoned to Haddock in the will of his friend, Themistocle Paparanic. While in town however, Tintin and Haddock found that a group of criminals also wanted to own a ship, believing that it would take them to a treasure.
Tintin and Blue Orange ( Tintin and orange bleues tutorial ) (1964), action film second instant Tintin , was released for its first success. Again based on the original script, again by AndrÃÆ' © Barret, it was directed by Philippe Condroyer and starring Talbot as Tintin and Jean Bouise as Haddock. This plot reveals a new discovery, blue orange, which can grow in the desert and solve the world's famine, compiled by a friend of Calculus, Spanish Professor Zalamea. An emir whose interests are threatened by the discovery of blue orange results to kidnap Zalamea and Calculus, and Tintin and Haddock travel to Spain to save them.
Crab with Gold Claw ( Le crabe aux pinces d'or ) (1947) is the first successful attempt to adapt one comic into a feature film. Written and directed by Claude Misonne and JoÃÆ' Â £ o B Michiels, the film is a stop-motion doll production made by a small studio in Belgium.
Tintin and the Temple of the Sun ( Tintin et le temple du soleil ) (1969), film the first traditional animation Tintin , adapted from two Hergà ©  © Adventures of Tintin : The Seven Crystal Balls and Sun Prison . The first full-length animated film from Belvision by Raymond Leblanc, who recently completed his television series based on Tintin's stories; directed by Eddie Lateste and featuring musical scores by renowned composer François Rauber. The adaptations are mostly faithful, though the Seven Crystal Balls section of the story is very solid.
Tintin and Shark Lake ( Tintin et le lac aux requins ) (1972), film second traditional animation Tintin and Tintin's last release for nearly 40 years, was based on the original script by Greg and directed by Raymond Leblanc. The second feature of Belvision brings Tintin to Syldavia to outwit his old foe, Rastapopoulos. While the look of the film is richer, the story is less convincing. The film was later adapted into a comic album consisting of stills from the film.
Tintin Adventure: The Secret of Unicorn (2011) is a 3D film capture by Steven Spielberg based on three albums HergÃÆ'Â ©: Crab with Gold Claw (1941), The Secret of the Unicorn (1943), and Red Rackham's Treasure (1944). Peter Jackson Weta Digital Company provides animations and special effects. The filming was positive.
Documentary
Me, Tintin ( Moi, Tintin ) (1976) produced by Belvision Studios and Pierre Film.
Tintin and I ( Tintin et moi ) (2003), a documentary film directed by Anders HÃÆ'¸gsbro ÃÆ'ËÅ"stergaard and co-produced by companies from Denmark, Belgium, France, and Switzerland, based on interviews recorded with HergÃÆ' © by Numa Sadoul from 1971. Although the interview was published as a book, HergÃÆ'  © allowed to edit work before publishing and many interviews were cut. Years after Hergà © ©'s death, the filmmakers returned to the original recording and restored Herca's often personal thoughts, insights - and in the process brought viewers closer to the world of Tintin and HergÃÆ' ©. It was broadcast in the United States on the PBS network on July 11, 2006.
Traces of Sur de Tintin ( In the footsteps of Tintin ) (2010) is a five-part documentary television series that records several albums from a book series by combining comic panels (immovable or otherwise) with live-action images, with comments provided.
Theater
HergÃÆ' Â © himself helped create two stage plays, collaborating with Jacques Van Melkebeke's humor. Tintin in the Indies: The Mystery of the Blue Diamond (1941) covered part of the second half of Pharaoh's Cigar while Tintin tried to save the stolen blue diamond. The Disappearance of Mr. Boullock (1941-1942) owns Tintin, Snowy, and Thomson and Thompson track Mr. Boullock is mysterious around the world and back to Brussels again. The drama was performed at the ThÃÆ' Â © ÃÆ' Â ¢ tre Royal des Galeries in Brussels. The drama script is unfortunately missing.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two Tintin dramas appeared at the Arts Theater in the West End of London, adapted by Geoffrey Case for the Unicorn Theater Company. This is the Great American Adventure of Tintin, based on comics Tintin in America (1976-1977) and Tintin and Black Island , based on The Black Island (1980-81); The second drama then went on a tour.
Musical based on The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoner of the Sun premiÃÆ'¨red on September 15, 2001 at Stadsschouwburg (City Theater) in Antwerp, Belgium. It's titled Kuifje - De Zonnetempel (De Musical) (" Tintin - Temple of the Sun ) and broadcast on Canal Plus before moving to Charleroi in 2002 as Tintin - Le Temple du Soleil - Le Spectacle Musical .
Young Vic theater company in London runs the Tintin Hergà ©  © adventure, Tintin music version in Tibet, at the Barbican Art Center (2005-2006); production directed by Rufus Norris and adapted by Norris and David Greig. The event was successfully revived at the Playhouse Theater in the West End of London before the tour (2006-2007) to celebrate Hensson's 100th birthday in 2007.
Video game
Tintin began appearing in video games when Infogrames Entertainment, SA, a French gaming company, released a roller side of Tintin on the Moon in 1989. The same company released a video game platformer titled Tintin in Tibet in 1995 for Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis. Another Platformer from Infogrames titled Prisoners of the Sun was released the following year for Super NES, PC, and Game Boy Color. As computer graphics technology increases, the video game experience increases. In 2001, Tintin became 3D in a game called Tintin: Destination Adventure , released by Infogrames for PC and PlayStation. Then in 2011, an action-adventure video game called The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, a tie-in to the 2011 movie, was released by Ubisoft in October 2011.
Memorabilia and merchandise
The drawings of this series have long been licensed for use on merchandise, the success of Tintin magazine helped create a market for such items. Tintin images have been used to sell a wide range of products, ranging from alarm clocks to underwear. Countless separate items related to the characters are already available, with some items being collectors' in their own right.
The HergÃÆ' Â © Foundation has retained control over the license, through Moulinsart, the commercial wing of the foundation. Speaking in 2002, Peter Horemans, general director at Moulinsart, noted this control: "We must be very protective of the property.We do not take lightly of potential partners and we must be very selective... for him to continue to be as popular as he is, taken from its use. "However, the Foundation has been criticized by scholars as" underestimating the work of HergÃÆ'Â © by concentrating on more favorable merchandising "in the wake of a movement in the late 1990s to fill them in because it uses relevant images to illustrate their papers on series.
Tintin memorabilia and merchandise have allowed chain stores to be based solely on characters to become viable. The first store was launched in 1984 at Covent Garden, London. Tintin shops also opened in Bruges and Brussels in Belgium, and in Montpellier, France. In 2014, Tintin stores opened in Taguig, Philippines, only the second of its kind in Southeast Asia. The first Tintin store in Southeast Asia opened in Singapore in 2010. The British bookstore chain, Ottakar, founded in 1987, is named after King Ottokar's character from Tintin King Ottokar's Scepter book, and their stores are stocked large quantities of Tintin goods until their takeover by Waterstone in 2006.
Stamps and coins
Tintin images have been used on stamps on various occasions. The first stamp cap Tintin is an eight-franc stamp issued by the Belgian Post for the 50th anniversary of Tintin's first adventure publication on September 29, 1979, featuring Tintin and Snowy looking through a magnifying glass on several stamps. In 1999, a block of nine stamps celebrating the ten-year Belgian Strip Comic Strip was released, with its center taking photographs of Tintin's famous rocket moon that dominated the Comic Strip Center entrance hall. To mark the end of the Belgian Franc and to celebrate the seventh anniversary of Tintin's publication in Congo, two more stamps were issued by Belgium Post on December 31, 2001: Tintin with pith helmets and souvenir sheets with a stamp in the middle. The stamps were published jointly in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2004, the Belgian Post celebrated the seventy-fifth anniversary, as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the Moon Explorers, and the thirty-five moon landings with souvenir sheets of five stamps based on the adventure of Explorers on the Moon . To celebrate Hernà © ® centenary birthday in 2007, the Belgian Post pulled out a 25 postage stamps depicting the album cover of 24 Tintin Adventures (in 24 languages) plus a photo of HergÃÆ' © in the Middle. A ten-stamped souvenir sheet called "Tintin on display", issued August 30, 2011, depicts Tintin's film and television adaptations.
Tintin has also been commemorated by coins several times. In 1995, the Paris Mint issued a set of twelve gold medals, available in a 5000-bit limited edition A silver medal was printed in 2004 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Tintin Explorers on the Moon , again in a limited period, this time 10,000. It was quickly sold out. In 2004, Belgium printed a limited edition commemorative coin featuring Tintin and Snowy who celebrated the 75th anniversary of Tintin's first adventure in January 2004. Despite having a face value of EUR10, as with other euro warning coins, only legal tender in the country where he was expelled - in this case, Belgium. In 2006-2012 France issued a commemorative series Comic Strip Comedy comedy series featuring the famous comic of Franco-Belgium, starting in 2006 with Tintin . It was a set of six different euro coins in honor of HergÃÆ' ©: three silver coins worth 1 euro ½ euros featuring Tintin and Professor, Tintin and Haddock, as well as Tintin and Chang; a EUR10 (gold) featuring Tintin; and EUR20 (silver) and EUR50 (gold) featuring Tintin and Snowy. In 2007, at HergÃÆ' ''s centenary, Belgium issued a EUR20 (silver) coin Hergà ©  ©/Tintin.
Parody and pastiche
During HergÃÆ'®'s lifetime, a parody resulting from Adventures of Tintin , with one of the earliest appearing in the Belgian newspaper La Patrie after the liberation of the country from Nazi Germany work in September 1944. Entitled Tintin au pay de nazis (" Tintin in Nazi Land > "), a short and rough lantern strip pulled by HergÃÆ'Â © to work for a Nazi-run newspaper during the occupation.
After the death of HergÃÆ'Â ©, hundreds of unofficial parodies and pastiches from Adventures of Tintin were produced, covering different genres. Tom McCarthy divides the works into three special groups: pornography, politics, and artistic. In some cases, the actual name of "Tintin" is replaced by something similar, like Nitnit, East Timor, or Quinquin, in these books.
McCarthy's first group, a porn parody, including 1976's Tintin en Suisse ("Tintin in Switzerland") and Jan Bucquoy's 1992 La Vie Sexuelle de Tintin ("Tintin Sex Life") , featuring Tintin and other characters involved in sexual acts. Another example is Tintin in Thailand , where Tintin, Haddock, and Calculus travel to East Asian countries for sex holidays. The book began to circulate in December 1999, but in 2001, the Belgian police arrested those responsible and confiscated 650 copies for copyright infringement.
Other parodies have been produced for political reasons: for example, Tintin in Iraq tarnished world politics in the early 21st century, with the character HergÃÆ'Â © Â Gen Alcazar representing US President George W. Bush.. Written by pseudonymous Jack Daniels, Breaking Free (1989) was a collection of revolutionary socialist comics in Britain during the 1980s, with Tintin and his uncle (imitating Captain Haddock) working in a British class that turned to socialism to oppose the capitalist policies of Conservative Party government Margaret Thatcher. When first published in the UK, it caused anger in the mainstream media, with one paper publishing the headlines that "Communist dismissal makes Tintin the picket!"
Other comic creators have chosen to create an artistic story that is more like fan fiction than a parody. The Swiss Exem artist creates an unflappable comic adventure from Zinzin, the so-called The Guardian the most beautiful of the pastiches. " Similarly, Canadian cartoonist Yves Rodier has produced a number of Tintin's works, none of which have been endorsed by the HergÃÆ' Â © Foundation, including the unfinished "completion" of 1986 Tintin and Alph-art , which he draws in HergÃÆ' Â © ligne claire .
The response to this parody has been mixed in the Tintinological community. Many who hate them, see them as an affront to the work of HergÃÆ' ©. Nick Rodwell of the HergÃÆ' © Foundation took this view, stating that "None of these copyists are considered true fans of HergÃÆ' ©.If they are, they will respect his wish that there is no one except him to draw Tintin's adventure." If possible, the foundation has taken legal action against those who are known to produce the goods. Others have taken a different stance, given such parodies and pastiches being a tribute to Hergà ©  ©, and collecting them has become a "special specialty".
Exhibition
After the death of HergÃÆ'Â © in 1983, his art began to be respected in exhibitions around the world, keeping Tintin conscious at a high level. The first major exhibition of Tintin in London was Tintin: 60 years of Adventure , held in 1989 at the Town Hall in Chelsea. This early exhibition featured many of Hergé's original sketches and inks, as well as some original gouaches. In 2001, an exhibition titled Mille Sabords! (" Billions Blistering Barnacles! ") is shown in the National Naval Museum ( MusÃÆ'Â © e national de la Marine ) in Paris. In 2002, the Bunkamura Art Museum in Tokyo held an exhibition of the original HergÃÆ'Â © Ã… images and submarines and rockets found on the strip by Professor Calculus. The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London, hosted an exhibition of Tintin Adventure at Sea in 2004, focusing on Tintin sea exploitation, and in celebration of the 75th anniversary of Tintin's first adventure publication. 2004 also saw an exhibition at Halles Saint GÃÆ' Â © ry in Brussels titled Tintin et la ville ("Tintin and City") featuring all the cities in the world that Tintin once traveled.
The Belgian Comic Strip Center in the business district of Brussels adds an exhibition dedicated to HergÃÆ'Â © in 2004. The Brussels Comic Book route in downtown Brussels added the first mural of Tintin in July 2005.
Centenary of HergÃÆ' Â © birth year 2007 is commemorated in the largest museum for modern art in Europe, Center Georges Pompidou in Paris, with HergÃÆ'Â ©, an art exhibition that honors his work. The exhibition, which runs from December 20, 2006 to February 19, 2007, features about 300 HergÃÆ'Â © and original drawings, including all 124 original plates of The Blue Lotus. Laurent le Bon, the exhibition organizer said, "It is important for the Center to show HergÃÆ'Â © Â work beside Matisse or Picasso." Michael Farr said, "HergÃÆ' Â © has long been seen as a father figure in the comic world, and if he is now recognized as a modern artist, it is very important."
2009 saw the opening of the Museum HergÃÆ'Â © ( MusÃÆ' Â © e HergÃÆ'Â ©/span> ), designed in a contemporary style, in Louvain-la-Neuve, south of Brussels. Visitors follow the sequence of eight permanent exhibition halls that cover the entire range of HergÃÆ'Â © Â ©, featuring the world of Tintin and other creations. In addition, the new museum has seen many temporary exhibitions, including Into Tibet With Tintin .
Legacy
HergÃÆ' Â © is recognized as one of the leading cartoonists of the 20th century. Especially, HergÃÆ'Â < ligne claire style has been influential for other Franco-Belgian comic creators. Contributors to mint Tintin have used ligne claire , and then artist Jacques Tardi, Yves Chaland , Jason Little, Phil Elliott, Martin Handford, Geof Darrow, Eric Heuvel, Garen Ewing, Joost Swarte, and others have produced works that use them.
In the wider art world, both Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein have claimed HergÃÆ'Â © as one of their most important influences. Lichtenstein made a painting based on fragments of the comic Tintin, while Warhol used the ligne claire
HergÃÆ'Â © has been hailed as "creating in the art of a powerful graphic record of 20th century tortured history" through his work on Tintin, while Maurice Horn's
In 1966, Charles de Gaulle said, "In the end, you know, my only international rival is Tintin! We are the little ones, who do not let themselves be possessed by great people."
In March 2015, Brussels Airlines painted Airbus A320-200 with OO-SNB registration in a special Tintin color.
Tintin has become a symbol of Belgium and is used in a variety of visual responses to the Brussels bombings of 2016.
Title list
Here are the twenty-four canonical Tintin comic albums, with their English titles. The date of publication is for the original French version.
The following is a double album with a continuous storyline:
- Pharaoh's Cigars (# 4) & amp; The Blue Lotus (no.5)
- Unicorn Secret (11th) & amp; Red Rackham's Treasure (no.12)
- The Seven Crystal Balls (13th) & amp; Sun Home (no14)
- The Destination Month (16th) & amp; Explorer on the Moon (no 17)
HergÃÆ'  © tried and then left Le ThermozÃÆ'  © ro (1958). Outside the series of Tintin , a 48-page comic album watched by (but not written by) Hergà ©  ©, Tintin and Lake of Sharks , was released in 1972; it's based on the movie Tintin et le lac aux requins .
See also
- The adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko , another series by HergÃÆ' Â ©
- List of Tintin home video releases
- List of Tintin media
References
Note
Quote
Bibliography
Books
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