Madras State is a state in the Republic of India. At the time of its formation in 1950, it covered all of today's Tamil Nadu, Andhra Coast, Rayalaseema, Malabar region in North Kerala, and Bellary district, South Kanara and Udupi in Karnataka. The Andhra and Rayalaseema coastal areas were separated to form Andhra State in 1953, while the districts of Southern Kanara and Bellary were merged with the State of Mysore, and Malabar District with the Travancore-Cochin State to form Kerala in 1956. On January 14, 1969, the State of Madras renamed Tamil Nadu, meaning "Tamil state".
Video Madras State
Histori
After Indian Independence, Madras Presidency became Madras Province on August 15, 1947. On January 26, 1950, the country was formed as a State of Madras by the Government of India. As a result of the 1956 States Reorganization Act, state boundaries were reorganized following the linguistic line. The country finally changed its name to Tamil Nadu on January 14, 1969 by the Chief Minister C.N.Annadurai of DMK.
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
In the 1952 election, the first as part of an independent India, the Indian National Congress was the single largest single party in the assembly. However, the congress can not form a government because it does not have a clean majority, and the leadership of the Communist Party of India seems to be in a better position to form a government. However, a congressional government was formed in the state, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was elected by Congress party cadres to govern the country. However, he is not an elected member of the Madras Legislative Assembly. Therefore, he was nominated by the governor to the Legislative Council and served as minister of the head of state of Madras.
Dr. P. C. Alexander, himself former governor of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, writes that the most striking constitutional injustice case was that of Sri Prakasa when he invited Rajagopalachari to form a government in the state of Madras. During this time Potti Sriramulu summoned a separate state called Andhra and proceeded quickly unconditionally until his goal was accomplished. He died after experiencing complications that arose during the fast, and great unrest occurred in the Telugu area of ​​the State of Madras. Jawaharlal Nehru initially warned that the method of fasting to achieve administrative or political change would put an end to democratic rule, but after the death of Potti Sriramulu Nehru approved the request for a separate state of Andhra but refused to include the city of Madras (now Chennai) in Andhra. Serious allegations arouse that Rajaji did not intervene to break his fast or provide medical assistance to Sriramulu even though fasting has lasted for more than 50 days. On a side note, only one other person, Jatin Das, before Sriramulu, in the history of modern India actually fasted to death. In many cases they give up, are hospitalized or arrested and forced to eat. The Andhra country was carved out of Madras State in 1953, Rajaji remained far from Andhra State and related issues. He removes controls on foodgrain and introduces new education policies based on family calls. According to this policy, students should go to school in the morning and forcibly study family calls, such as carpentry, masonry, etc. After school. It was strongly opposed as a caste and was dubbed Kula Kalvi Thittam (Hereditary Education Policy) by his close friend Periyar who strongly opposed it. This policy is under attack from within Congress and beyond. This eventually led to his resignation in 1954.
Maps Madras State
Kamaraj
On April 13, 1954, K. Kamaraj reluctantly became chief minister of Madras Province. To everyone's surprise, Kamaraj nominated C. Subramaniam and M. Bhakthavatsalam, who had fought over his leadership, to the newly formed cabinet. Kamaraj abolished the family-based Hereditary Education Policy introduced by Rajaji. Kamaraj is trying to eradicate illiteracy by introducing free and compulsory education to the eleventh standard. He introduced the Lunch Scheme to provide at least one meal per day to the lakh of poor schoolchildren.
One of Kamaraj's first political actions during his tenure as prime minister was to broaden the increasing non-Brahmin representation in the cabinet. Ministries places are given to parties based on non-Brahmin castes, Tamil Nadu Toilers Parties and the Commonwealth Party. Both sides are then 'absorbed' by Congress. In a move to combat Tamil cultural politics backed by DMK, Kamaraj makes a conscious effort to take part in the linguistic cultural problem. To appease Tamil's aspirations, Kamaraj took some action. Attempts to introduce Tamil as a medium of instruction in schools and colleges are accompanied by the publication of textbooks on 'scientific and technical subjects' in Tamil. In 1960 the minister of state education took steps to introduce Tamils ​​in government arts colleges as instructional mediums.
Similarly, the use of Tamils ​​in the courts received encouragement. To assert his role in the linguistic politics of the country, Kamaraj introduced the bill in February 1962 in the legislative assembly to rename Madras to 'Tamil Nadu' for 'intrastate communication', the bill also proposes Madurai as the capital. But no decision was made. DMK capitalized on this, the Congressional routing in the 1967 elections four years after Kamaraj resigned his position as chief minister in accordance with Kamaraj's Plan to concentrate on the work of the Congress organization.
Committed to his version of "socialism" which means that "the backward must advance," Kamaraj remains truthful in his simple "socialism" dictum, giving "what matters to human life" such as "to dwell, work , food, and education ". The great feature of the Kamaraj government is the ending of a reverse education policy and setting the stage for a universal and free school.
Almost every village within a one mile radius with a population of 300 and above the population is provided school. With a view to encouraging and attracting rural poor children to the schools, Kamaraj pioneered the free mid-day food scheme for elementary school children in panchayat and government agencies. This scheme, assisted by the American volunteer organization, CARE, was launched in 1957. In addition, the government advanced to provide school uniforms for poor students. To make education accessible to children from diverse backgrounds, full exemption from school fees is introduced. Public enthusiasm and participation in fund-raising and equipment procurement for schools are entertained through various schemes that make education a social responsibility. Such measures make education affordable for many people who have been denied basic education opportunities for centuries.
Kamaraj's other achievements are his role in facilitating development programs especially for electrification and industrial development. Thousands of villages have electricity. Rural electrification leads to the use of large-scale pumps for irrigation purposes and agricultural incentives. Large and small scale industries are being inclined to create job opportunities. Kamaraj makes the most of the funds available through the Five Year Plan and guides Tamil Nadu to get maximum benefits.
M. Bhaktavatsalam
In 1963, the Indian National Congress won the state election of Madras and formed a state government for the fifth time in 25 years. On October 2, 1963, Bhaktavatsalam served as chief minister of Madras when Kamaraj resigned, expressed his desire to spend more time serving the party. Bhaktavatsalam is, to date, the last Madras Chief Minister of the Indian National Congress.
In August 1963, M. S. Golwalkar, the Sarsangchalak of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh founded the Centarary Swami Vivekananda Committee and the Vivekananda Stone Commemoration Committee and appointed Eknath Ranade as his Secretary. The main function of the committee was to build a memorial in Kanyakumari in honor of Swami Vivekananda on his birthday. The chief minister, Bhaktavatsalam, and the Minister of Cultural Affairs of the Union, Humayun Kabir, strongly opposed the move. However, Bhaktav would surrender when Ranade gave him a letter with the signature of 323 members of Parliament to support the warning.
Bhaktavatsalam's term as prime minister witnessed the severe anti-Hindi agitation in Madras state. Bhaktavatsalam supports the decision of the Government of Unity to introduce Hindi as mandatory language and reject the demand to make Tamil a language of instruction in college, saying it is "not a practical proposition, not for the sake of national integration, not for higher interests." educational and not for the students' own interests. "On March 7, 1964, at the Madras Legislative Assembly session, Bhaktavatsalam recommended the introduction of a three-language formula composed of English, Hindi and Tamil.
On January 26, 1965, the day when the 15-year transitional period recommended by the Indian Parliament ended, approaching, the turmoil intensified, leading to police and victim action. Five of the agitators (Sivalingam, Aranganathan, Veerappan, Mutthu, and Sarangapani) sacrificed themselves while the other three (Dandapani, Mutthu, and Shanmugam) consumed toxins. One of the agitators, the eighteen-year-old Rajendran, was killed on January 27, 1965 as a result of police shootings.
On February 13, 1965, Bhaktavatsalam claimed that the opposition Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Left parties were responsible for the massive destruction of public property and violence during the anti-Hindu turmoil of 1965.
C. N. Annadurai
In 1967, Congress lost nine states from opposition parties, but only in Madras state that a majority of the single non-congressional parties had been reached. The 1967 election victory was also due to election fusion among non-congressional parties to avoid a split in the Opposition vote. Rajagopalachari, a former senior party leader of the Congress, at the time left Congress and launched the right wing Swatantra Party. He played an important role in realizing electoral fusion among opposition parties to align themselves with Congress. At that time, his cabinet was the youngest in the country. C. N. Annadurai passed the marriage of self-esteem for the first time in this country. Such a marriage has no priest to preside over the ceremony and therefore does not require a Brahmin to carry out marriage. Marriage with self-esteem is the idea of ​​Periyar, who considers conventional marriage at the time only financial arrangements and often leads to huge debts through dowries. Marriage with self-esteem, he said encouraging inter-caste marriage and causing a match to be replaced by a love marriage. Annadurai was the first to declare a subsidized rice price in an election manifesto. He promised a rice size for one rupee, which he initially implemented but soon retreated. Rice subsidies and free grants are still used as election promises in Tamil Nadu.
Rename from condition
It was the Annadurai government that changed its name to Madras State to Tamil Nadu. The name of the change itself was first presented in the upper house (Rajya Sabha) of the Indian Parliament by Bhupesh Gupta, a Communist MP from West Bengal, but was later defeated. With Annadurai as the main minister, the state assembly passed the bill successfully renaming the state. It was during the period of the Chief of Staff that the Second World Tamil Conference was held on a large scale on January 3, 1968. Also, when a warning stamp was released to mark the Tamil conference, Annadurai expressed his dissatisfaction that the stamp contained Hindi when it was for a tamil.
Golden Jubilee Celebration for state renaming as Tamilnadu
The Tamil Nadu government has decided to celebrate the Golden Jubilee on January 14, 2018 for the state being re-commemorated as "Tamilnadu". It was therefore decided to observe his golden party through events to mark the hallmarks of Tamil and Tamil people, and to respect young Tamil researchers in farewell events.
See also
- Madras Presidency
- Tamil Nadu
- The history of Tamil Nadu
- List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
- Invasion of Mysore to Kerala
References
- Tamil Nadu Government - Tamil Nadu Secretariat - Brief History
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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