Peter Dennis Mitchell , FRS (September 29, 1920 - April 10, 1992) is a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the ATP synthesis chemistry mechanism.
Video Peter D. Mitchell
Early life and education
Mitchell was born in Mitcham, Surrey on September 29, 1920. His parents were Christopher Gibbs Mitchell, a civil servant, and Kate Beatrice Dorothy (nÃÆ'Â © e) Taplin. His uncle was Sir Godfrey Way Mitchell, chairman of George Wimpey. He was educated at Queen's College, Taunton and Jesus College, Cambridge where he studied the Tripos Natural Science specializing in Biochemistry.
He was appointed as a research post in the Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, in 1942, and was awarded his Ph.D. at the beginning of 1951 to work on isyl pen action mode.
Maps Peter D. Mitchell
Careers and research
In 1955 he was invited by Professor Michael Swann to establish a unit of biochemistry research, called the Unit of Chemical Biology, at the Department of Zoology, at the University of Edinburgh, where he was appointed Senior Lecturer in 1961, then Reader in 1962, despite ill health causes his resignation in 1963.
From 1963 to 1965, he oversaw the restoration of the Palace facing the Regency, known as Glynn House, in Cardinham near Bodmin, Cornwall - adapted the main part for use as a research laboratory. He and his former colleague Jennifer Moyle founded a charity company, known as Glynn Research Ltd., to promote fundamental biological research at Glynn House and they started a research program on chemical reactions and reaction systems.
hypothetical hypothesis
In 1960, ATP was known as the life energy currency, but the mechanism that ATP made in mitochondria was assumed by substrate level phosphorylation. The chemiosmotic hypothesis Mitchell is the basis for understanding the actual process of oxidative phosphorylation. At that time, the biochemical mechanism of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation was unknown.
Mitchell realizes that the movement of ions across different electrochemical potentials can provide the energy needed to generate ATP. The hypothesis comes from very well-known information in the 1960s. He knows that living cells have membrane potential; interior negative to the environment. The movement of charged ions across the membrane is affected by the electric force (attraction of positive charge to negative). Their movements are also influenced by thermodynamic forces, the tendency of substances to diffuse from areas of higher concentration. He went on to point out that ATP synthesis is coupled with this electrochemical gradient.
The hypothesis is confirmed by the discovery of ATP synthase, a membrane-bound protein that uses the potential energy of the electrochemical gradient to make ATP; and with the discovery by AndrÃÆ'Â © Jagendorf that the pH difference across the thylakoid membrane in chloroplast results in ATP synthesis.
Protonmotive Q-cycle
Later, Peter Mitchell also hypothesized some elaborate details of the electron transport chain. He was conceived from a proton pumping coupling for a quinone-based electron bifurcation, which contributed to the proton motive power and thus, ATP synthesis.
Awards and honors
In 1978 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contribution to the understanding of the transfer of biological energy through the formulation of the mycosmotic theory." He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1974.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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