The light (also known as girandole , candelabra light , or, rarely suspended lights ) is a branched branching lamp designed to be mounted on the ceiling or wall. Chandeliers are often ornate, and usually use an incandescent light bulb, although some modern designs also use fluorescent and LED lights recently.
Classic hanging lamps have a crystal pendant prism arrangement to illuminate the room with bias light, while contemporary chandeliers assume a more minimalist design that does not contain prisms and illuminates the room with direct light from the lamp, sometimes also equipped with translucent glass covering each lamp. Modern Chandelier has a more modern design that uses LEDs, and incorporates classical and contemporary design elements; some also equipped with a prism of bias crystals or small mirrors.
The chandelier is different from the chandelier, as it usually consists of several lamps and hangs in a branched frame, while the pendant lamp hangs from a single cable and contains only one or two lamps with fewer decorative elements. Due to its size, they are often installed in hallways, living rooms, stairs, living rooms, and dining rooms. However, miniature chandelier also exists, allowing them to be installed in smaller spaces such as bedroom or small living room.
Chandelier evolved from the candelabra and was created during the medieval era. They originally used wax as their light source and remained in use until the 18th century, when a gas lamp, then replaced by an electric lamp, was invented.
Video Chandelier
Etimologi
The word candlestick was first known in English in 1736, borrowed from the French French candlestick , which comes from the Latin candelabrum .
Maps Chandelier
History
The earliest candle candles were used by rich people in the Middle Ages; this type of hanging lamp can be moved to a different room. From the fifteenth century, more elaborate forms of chandeliers, based on the design of rings or crowns, became a popular decorative feature in palaces and mansions, priests and merchants. The price is expensive to make candles as a symbol of luxury and status.
At the beginning of the 18th century, ormolu ornamentations formed with long, curved arms and many candles were at home many in the growing merchant class. Neoclassical motifs are becoming an increasingly common element, mostly in cast metal but also in carved and gilded wood. Chandeliers made in this style also rely heavily on ancient Greek and Roman aesthetics, combining clean lines, classical proportions and mythological creatures. The development in glass making then enabled the production of cheaper lead crystals, light scattering properties that quickly made it a popular addition to the shape, leading to a crystal lamp.
During the 18th century glass chandeliers were produced by Bohemian and Venetian glass makers who were equally skilled in the art of candle making. The Bohemian style is largely successful throughout Europe and its greatest draw is the opportunity to obtain spectacular light refraction due to aspects and bevels of the crystal prism. As a reaction to the new Italian flavored glass factory in Murano created a new type of artistic light source. Because Murano glass is unsuitable for photography, typical work is realized at a time in other countries where crystals are used, venetian glass makers rely on their unique glass qualities. The typical Murano chandelier is an elaborate arabic flower of leaves, flowers, and fruits that will be enriched by colored glass, made possible by a special type of glass used in Murano. The glass they use is very unique, like a glass of soda (known for its incredible clarity) and contrasts with all the glass produced in the world at that time. Great skill and time is needed to twist and shape the candlesticks appropriately. This new type of hanging lamp is called "ciocca" (literally "flower bouquet"), for a typical polychrome shiny flower decor. The most luxurious of them consists of metal frames covered with small elements in blown, transparent or colored glass, with floral decorations, fruits and leaves, while the simpler model has a sleeve made with a unique piece of glass. Their form is inspired by the original architectural concept: the space on the inside is almost empty as decorations are scattered around the support center, keeping them at arm's length. One of the common uses of the great Murano Chandelier is the lighting of theater interiors and rooms in important palaces.
In the mid-19th century, when gas lighting was caught, a branched ceiling fixture called gasoliers (portmanteau gas and pendant lamps) was produced, and many candle chandeliers were changed. In the 1890s, with the emergence of electric light, some chandeliers used gas and electricity. As the electrical distribution widened, and the supplies became reliable, electric chandeliers became standard. Another word portmanteau, electrolier, is formed for this, but today they are most often called chandeliers. Some are equipped with lamp shaped to mimic a candle flame, for example shown below at Epsom and Chatsworth, or with lights that contain a glittering gas discharge.
The UK's largest glass chandelier in the world, (Hancock Rixon & Dunt and possibly F. & C. Osler) is located in the DolmabahÃÆ'§e Palace in Istanbul. It has 750 lamps and weighs 4.5 tons. DolmabahÃÆ'§e has the largest collection of English crystal chandeliers and Baccarat in the world, and one of the big staircases has a Baccarat crystal ledge.
More elaborate and complicated hanging lamps continued to be developed throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, but the widespread introduction of gas and electricity has underestimated the appeal of chandeliers as status symbols.
Towards the end of the 20th century, chandeliers are often used as decorative focal points for the room, and often are not lit.
Glossary
- Adam Style
- Neoclassical, light, airy and elegant lights - usually in English.
- Arm
- The brightest part of the candlestick is also sometimes known as a branch.
- Arm plate
- Metal or wooden blocks are placed on the rod, where the arm slot.
- Bag
- A bag of crystal droplets formed by strings hanging from a circular frame and looped back to the center beneath it, especially related to early American crystals and district-style crystal lamps.
- Baluster
- Changed or formed wooden trunks form a hanging chandelier, with narrow and rounded parts alternating with varying widths.
- Bead
- A drop of a glass with a drilled hole penetrates.
BobÃÆ'¨che Dishes are placed just below the wax nozzle, designed to capture wax droplets. Also known as a frying pan.
Branch Another name for light bearing parts of the chandelier, also known as the arm.
Candelabra Not to be confused with chandeliers, candelabras are candlesticks, usually branched, designed to stand on a table, or if large, floors.
Candlebeam A cross made of two wooden blocks with one or more cups and a puncture at each end to secure the candle.
Candle Nozzle The small cup at which the wax end is placed
Canopy A shallow dish is reversed at the top of the chandelier from which bead beads are often suspended, lending flourish to the top fitting.
Cage The setting in which the middle rod support arm and decoration is replaced by a metal structure leaving a clean center for candles and further decoration.
Corona Another term for crown-style chandeliers
Crown A circular hanging lamp that reminiscent of a crown, usually of gold-plated metal or brass, and often with good decorative elements.
Crystal Glass with a chemical content that provides a special quality of clarity, resonance, and softness, makes it perfect for cutting. For example, lead crystal.
Drip Pans Plates are installed just below the wax nozzle, designed to capture wax droplets. Also know as bobÃÆ'¨che.
Drops A small piece of glass is usually cut into one of many shapes and drilled at one end so that it can be hung from the chandelier with a brass pin. A drop of chain is drilled at both ends so that the circuit can be hung together to form necklaces or ornaments.
Dutch Also known as Flemish, brass chandelier style with round baluster and arched sleeves around a low hanging ball.
Festoon The setting of glass drops or beads draped and hung on or under a glass chandelier, or sometimes a solid piece of glass is formed into a stolen item. Also known as flower arrangement.
Finial The last one develops at the very bottom of the bar. Some Venetian glass chandeliers have small ornaments hanging from the glass rings on the sleeves.
Hoop Circular metal support for arms, usually with district style or other hanging lamps with broken glass. Also known as a ring
MontgolfiÃÆ'¨re chandeliers Chandelier with "montgolfiÃÆ'¨re" shape, early French hot air balloon
Formed The process in which a piece of glass is formed by blown into the mold
Neoclassical Style Chandelier Glass chandelier featuring many fine arms, towers and oval strings of rhomboids or octags.
Panikadilo Gothic candlestick chandeliers hang from the center of the cathedral of the Orthodox cathedral.
Prism Decreased straight, multi-sided
District Style Chandelier Larger hanging lamp with multiple drops. Above the circle arises the beads that are smaller in size and stuck to the top to form a canopy. A bag, with a concentric spherical glass circle, forms a waterfall beneath it. The trunk is usually completely hidden.
Soda glass The type of glass used is usually in Venetian glass chandeliers. The glass soda stays "plastic" longer when heated, and therefore can be formed into elegant curved leaves and flowers. Refract light poorly and usually fire is polished.
Spire High spikes of glass, rounded on flat sides or sides. Where the sleeves and decorative elements can be attached, made of wood, metal or glass.
Awning A tent-shaped structure on the top of a glass chandelier where the drop necklace sticks to the top to the canopy and at the bottom becomes a larger ring.
Venetian A glass of the island of Murano, Venice but is usually used to describe any chandelier in Venetian style.
Waterfall or Wedding Cake The concentric circle of escort drips below the circle or plate.
See also
- The ceiling is rising
- Girandole
- Candelabra
- J. & amp; L. Lobmeyr, the first company to make electric chandeliers
- Lights
- Candle Holder
References
Source
- Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. Designing Camelot: Kennedy White House Restoration. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. ISBNÃ, 0-442-02532-7.
- Katz, Cheryl and Jeffrey. Chandelier. Rockport Publishers: 2001. ISBN: 978-1-56496-805-0.
- McCaffety, Kerri. The Chandelier Through the Centuries. Vissi d'Arte: 2007. ISBN 978-0-9709336-5-2.
- Parissien, Steven. Regency Style. Phaidon: 1992. ISBNÃ, 0-7148-3454-8.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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