Women in Refrigerators

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Women in the Refrigerator (or WiR ) is a website created in 1999 by a group of feminists and comic book fans that include examples of comic books in which a woman's character is wounded , killed, or diverted (an event known daily as fridging ) as a plot device, and attempts to analyze why this plot device is allegedly used disproportionately on a female character.

Video Women in Refrigerators

History

The term "Woman in the Refrigerator" was coined by author Gail Simone as the name for the website in early 1999 during an online discussion about comic books with friends. This refers to the incident at Green Lantern # 54 (1994), written by Ron Marz, where title hero Kyle Rayner returns to his apartment to discover that his girlfriend, Alexandra DeWitt, has been killed by Major Strength criminals and put in the refrigerator. Simone and his colleagues then developed a list of fictitious female characters who have been "killed, disabled or stranded", especially in ways that treat female characters only as a means to move the story of male characters forward, rather than as fully self-developed characters. The list is then circulated through the Internet through Usenet, Bulletin Board System, e-mail and electronic mailing lists. Simone also sent many comic book makers via e-mail directly to their response to the list.

This list is well known among certain comic fans. Respondents often find a different meaning on the list itself, although Simone argues that her simple point is always: "If you destroy most of the characters that girls love, then women will not read comics.

Journalist Beau Yarbrough made the initial design and coding on the original site. John Bartol technology consultant edits the content. Robert Harris, librarian and comic fan, contributed to the maintenance and updates of the site with John Norris fans. The idea of ​​placing an online listing comes with software developer Jason Yu, who also serves as the host of the original site.

Creator response

Simone received many e-mail responses from fans and comic book professionals. Some correspondents reacted with hostility to the creation of the list and assumed a radical feminist agenda on Simone's part. Some neutral and other responses are positive. In addition, the argument about the benefit of the list was published on the comic fan site in early 1999. The discussions developed on the use of horrific scars, deaths or depowerment of friends and acquaintances of comic heroic comic characters as a plot device.

Simone published many of the responses she received on the website.

Some comic book creators show that the list causes them to stop and think about the stories they make. Often these responses contain arguments for or against the use of death or injury to female characters as plot devices. A list of responses from comic book professionals is included on this site. Answer Marz states (in part) "To me the real difference is less male than the main character supporting characters.In most cases, the main characters," titles "of characters that support their own book, are men...... the supporting characters are people who suffer more permanent and destructive tragedies, and many supporting characters are women. "

Dead Men Defrosting

In response to fans who argue that male characters are also often killed, content editor John Bartol writes "Dead Men Defrosting", an article which states that when male heroes are killed or changed, they are more likely to return to their status quo. According to Bartol, after most of the female characters were changed, they were "never allowed, like a male hero, a chance to return to their original heroic condition, and that's where we begin to see the difference."

Maps Women in Refrigerators

In popular culture

References in mass culture

In 2000, several national newspapers posted articles referring to the site, resulting in a discussion of the topic of sexism in pop culture and the comic book industry. Some universities also include Women content in Refrigerators related to analysis and critiques of pop culture.

Female Women in Refrigerated Syndrome

Women in Refrigerators Syndrome is created in various forms through online discussions and articles. The term describes the use of death or injury of female comic characters as a plot device in a story that starred in comic book characters. It is also used to record depowerment or removal of female comic book characters. The cases relate to the horrific injury or murder of a female character in the hands of a super villain, usually as a motivating personal tragedy for a male hero, to whom the victim is connected. The death or injury of a female character, then helps to reinforce the hatred between the hero and the responsible villain. Kyle Rayner is a particularly cited example, because of the general tragedy that befell women in his life.

Discussing the site in his book Dangerous Curve: The Heroes of Action, Gender, Fetishism and Popular Culture , Bowling Green State University Professor Jeffrey A. Brown notes that while male comic book heroes tend to die heroically and magically returning from later death, female characters are more likely to be relaxed but can not be corrected or killed, often in a sexual way. To support his claim, he says that the Joker destroys Batgirl's original spine just for fun, which causes him to be confined to a wheelchair for more than a decade, and Black Mask criminals bind, torture and kill the first female Robin of DC Universe, Stephanie Chocolate.

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Famous Alumni

Some contributors to original sites and lists later became comic book creators and entertainment industry professionals.

• Stephen Cmelak - webcomic creator Avatar .
Daniel Merlin Goodbrey - digital designer and comic book writer, hypercomic creator Six-Gun: Unplugged Earth Stories , and iPod comic Brain Fist .
• Brian Joines - the independent comic writer The 7 Guys of Justice and in 2006 published a new comic through Platinum Studios.
• Greg Dean Schmitz - creator of UpcomingMovies.com, AKA Greg's Previews , and columnists Fandango and Rotten Tomatoes.
• Gail Simone - author of several comic books including Birds of Prey for DC Comics and Marvel's Deadpool .

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See also

• The death of a comic book
• The Hawkeye Initiative
• Female portrayal in American comics
• Refrigerator Monologue

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References

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External links

• Official website
• The original list of 1999 Women in Refrigerators

Source of the article : Wikipedia